We confront predictions of inflationary scenarios with the WMAP data, in
combination with complementary small-scale CMB measurements and large-scale
structure data. The WMAP detection of a large-angle anti-correlation in the
temperature--polarization cross-power spectrum is the signature of adiabatic
superhorizon fluctuations at the time of decoupling. The WMAP data are
described by pure adiabatic fluctuations: we place an upper limit on a
correlated CDM isocurvature component. Using WMAP constraints on the shape of
the scalar power spectrum and the amplitude of gravity waves, we explore the
parameter space of inflationary models that is consistent with the data. We
place limits on inflationary models; for example, a minimally-coupled lambda
phi^4 is disfavored at more than 3-sigma using WMAP data in combination with
smaller scale CMB and large scale structure survey data. The limits on the
primordial parameters using WMAP data alone are: n_s(k_0=0.002
Mpc^{-1})=1.20_{-0.11}^{+0.12}, dn/dlnk=-0.077^{+0.050}_{- 0.052}, A(k_0=0.002
Mpc}^{-1})=0.71^{+0.10}_{-0.11} (68% CL), and r(k_0=0.002 Mpc^{-1})<1.28 (95%
CL).Comment: Accepted by ApJ; 49 pages, 9 figures. V2: Gives constraints from WMAP
data alone. Corrected approximation which made the constraints in Table 1 to
shift slightly. Corrected the Inflation Flow following the revision to
Kinney, astro-ph/0206032. No conclusions have been changed. For a detailed
list of changes see http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~hiranya/README.ERRATA.tx
