Lanphier, C. Michael

English

Bagus Dwi Herdianto

repository.poltekkes-smg.ac.id

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN GANGGUAN PERSEPSI SENSORI : HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN PADA TN, W  DI RUANG NAKULA           RUMAH SAKIT JIWA DAERAH SURAKARTA

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN GANGGUAN PERSEPSI SENSORI; HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN PADA Tn. W DI RUANG NAKULA RUMAH SAKIT JIWA DAERAH SURAKARTA

Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees / Revue canadienne sur les réfugiés

MONTREAL, TABLE DE CONCERTATION AU SERVICE DES REFUGIES VOLUME 1,1983, OCCASIONAL - A Review - The Table de Concertation, a group of social service NGOs now in its fourth year of activities for refugees, has laun- ched this occasional periodical which contains a mix of articles about settle- ment of refugees in Montreal, personal testimonies, short poems, and news items of interest to refugees and their advocates. Editor Constantin Stoiciu has put the accent on questions of cultural adaptation of refugees (and to a lesser extent newly-arrived immigrants from developing countries) in the Mon- treal area. Each issue appearing last year revolved about a separate topic: la semaine des refugib (May 7-14, 1983); intercultural integration and cultural adaptation in Montreal (July and September, 1983), and the October 21 demonstration on behalf of inland refugee claimants (December issue). Correspondingly, the themes of bureaucratic litigation, phe- nomenonological and critical apprecia- tions of cultural life, and unification of refugees for particular political purposes occupy much of the space of the respec- tive issues. Although the theme of inland refugee claimant determination problems is a persistent matter throughout Canada, Montreal is particularly affected because of a relatively large number of such claimants (more than 1200). The Table de Concertation has established a shelter and series of services to assist these claimants since other forms of financial assistance formerly provided by the federal government were with- drawn in November, 1980. Forceful ar- guments are advanced about the serious problems in family and personal life which ensue upon delays of 6 months to 3 years in the claimant process. The ex- ecutive of the Table de Concertation and another service organization deposited a brief with Immigration Canada calling for a moratorium on the withdrawal of medical and social benefits to such claimants, while re- questing that the Quebec Ministhe &Immigration intervene officially in the granting of immigrant status and that Canada add an additional "first country of asylum" status to its categories of eligibility for residents of Canada. The editor transformed the strident pol- itical tone of the spring issue to a critical appreciation of cultural life in later issues. He solicited articulate and sensi- tive testimony from former refugees and immigrants of a wide variety of back- grounds, all of whom have written pro- fessionally since their arrival in Mon- treal. Despite considerable shifts from article to article in style, content and ap- proach, each exemplifies the intent of the journal: to indicate that a plurality of cultures need not imply homogenized contributions. Nevertheless, the December issue un- derlines the necessity for unification of refugees in order to support the distress- ed situations of refugee claimants, for whom NGOs and earlier-arriving refugees have publicized and politicized a question which previously appeared to have only administrative implica- tions. Still, the editor reinforced his conviction that Montreal (and the rest of Quebec? and the rest of Canada?) should move toward "interculturalism" rather than "integration" as a model for assimilation of refugees and new im- migrants. Admittedly optimistic and filled with serious social complexities, the goal of the preservation of cultural integrity of the immigrant's original culture cannot be subsumed by a pan- Quebec/Canadian cultural overlay. The  editor.'^ dual focus on the political and cultural does not easily resolve into a single image for this very promising periodical. Clearly, its occasional appearance does not strengthen its abili- ty to advocate immediate political ques- tions. Furthermore, it is unlikely that a journal which attempts to represent the integrity of various cultural back- grounds as expressed in contemporary Montreal can afford the allocation of time or the shift of social and psycho- logical space without weakening the im- pact of the cultural message. While there are several political arenas avail- able, the cultural life of refugees has received far too little attention. If the editor intends to illuminate a subject clearly, without interference, he would be well advised to develop his themes of "interculturalism" and critical apprecia- tion of life in Montreal from the multi- ple optics of the newly-arrived residents. A challenge filled with risk and promise. C. Michael Lanphier Professor of Sociology and Ethnic Research, York University WELFARE DEPENDENCY AGAIN In several past articles of Refuge we have questioned reports that the Indochinese refugees have become dependent on welfare in the United States. A survey by the Church World Service on the American Immigration and Refugee Program entitled, "Making It On Their Own: From Refugee Sponsor- ship to Self-sufficiency", concludes "that there is no evidence of any significant long-term welfare dependence among refugees". From 1980 to early 1983, sponsors and churches across the country contributed over $133 million in cash and kind to assist refugee families in moving toward self- sufficiency. The unemployment rate of refugees who have been here over three years drops to 14 %, and most of them are actively seeking work. Almost half of them are mothers at home with young children. Only 2% of the refugees are reported to be unwilling to work and only 1% are reported to be not looking for work because they are on public assistance. Again, these results run contrary to some con- gressional reports which are critical of the refugees. 