Leaves of indigenous plant Acacia leucophloea have been successively extracted using different solvents like hexane, methanol and water. Extract was evaluated for its antibacterial activity using two assay method Kirby bauer disc diffusion and tube dilution assay. Results of the given study revealed that the methanolic extract is potential antibacterial agent specifically for E coli &amp; &amp; S aureus

Aiswarya, G

Gupta, Arun Kumar

Gupta, Rajesh

SINGLA, RAJEEV KUMAR

English

International Journal of Phytomedicine

International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 308-311 
http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index 
 
Short Communication 
              
               
Preliminary Investigation of Antimicrobial Property of Acacia 
leucophloea Leaves Extract  
Rajesh Gupta1, Arun K Gupta2, Rajeev K Singla3, G Aiswarya4
 
*Corresponding author: 
Rajeev K Singla 
1Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, 
Dalhousie Road, Badhani, 
Pathankot, Punjab, India 
2Department of Pharmacy, BPS 
Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, Khanpur 
Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana,India 
3Department of Pharmaceutical 
Chemistry, School of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur 
National University, Jagatpura, 
Jaipur, Rajasthan-302025, India 
4JDT Islam College of Pharmacy, 
Vellimadukunnu, Calicut, kerala, 
India  
 
 
 
 
Abstract 
Leaves of indigenous plant Acacia leucophloea have been successively 
extracted using different solvents like hexane, methanol and water. 
Extract was evaluated for its antibacterial activity using two assay 
method Kirby bauer disc diffusion and tube dilution assay. Results of 
the given study revealed that the methanolic extract is potential 
antibacterial agent specifically for E coli &  & S aureus. 
 
Key words: Solanum americanum,medicinal plant, anti-inflammation, 
carrageenan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Introduction 
Acacia leucophloea commonly known as reonja, 
a tree of moderate size, family fabaceae, a very 
characteristic indigenous plant of the dry region 
of India. Leaves of acacia leucophloea have been 
evaluated for its chemical composition and total 
phenols in Acacia leucophloea leaves were found 
to be 54. Mature Acacia leucophloea leaves were 
toxic to brine shrimp, but not mould, but new 
leaves had not detectable toxicity[1]. The 
chemical constituents found are nHexacosanol,  
 
 
 
beta- Amyrin, beta-Sitosterol and Tannin, 
diterpenoids in Acacia leucophloea plant[2-4].  
 
Literature data reveals that the extract containing 
phenolic derivatives should exhibit antibacterial 
activity[5]. So keeping this matter in mind, we 
have evaluated antimicrobial activity of the 
methanolic extract of the leaves of Acacia 
leucophloea. 
 
ISSN: 0975-0185 
Gupta et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 308-311 
 
309 
 
Material & Method 
Collection & Authentification of Plant 
Material 
Dried leaves of Acacia leucophloea was collected 
and were authenticated by Dr. S.N. Sharma, 
Technical Officer, Department of plant Sciences, 
Indian Institute of Integrative medicine, Jammu. 
A voucher specimen (specimen No. 21853) was 
deposited in the herbarium of Indian Institute of 
Integrative medicine, Jammu. 
 
Preparation of Extracts 
The dried leaves were coarsely powdered and 
extracted successively with different solvents by 
increasing their polarity, in a Soxhlet extractor. 
The plant extracts were filtered through Whatman 
No. 1 filter paper into beaker. The filtrates were 
dried until a constant dry weight of each extracts 
was obtained. The residues were stored at 4°C for 
further use. The methanolic extract have been 
used as specimen for the antimicrobial activity. 
Test Organisms 
All the microbial cultures, used for antimicrobial 
screening were procured from National Centre 
for Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Pune, 
India. The test organisms used are Eschericia 
coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
& Staphylococcus aureus 
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity 
Kirby Baur Agar diffusion Method 
Leaves extract(50-250 µg)  was tested for 
antibacterial activity against the variety of test 
organisms Bacillus Subtilis, Escherichia coli, 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus 
aureus (COPS) by using disc diffusion methods 
on the Nutrient agar medium using 
Ciprofloxacin(5-200 µg) as the standard drug[6].  
 
Tube Dilution Method 
The minimum inhibitory concentration for leaves 
extract against the same microorganisms used in 
the preliminary screening was carried out using 
microdilution susceptibility method. 
Ciprofloxacin was used as standard drugs[7-9]. 
 
Results & Discussion 
Successive extraction of leaves of Acacia 
leucophloea have been successively done using 
hexane, methanol, and water and get extract of 
1.1, 6.0 & 4.3 % yield respectively.  
 
MIC and ZOI of leaves extract on gram positive 
and negative bacteria at different concentrations, 
by disc diffusion method, was determined to 
access their antimicrobial effect. The leaves were 
active (weak to moderate) against all the 
microbes tested. It produced a mean zone 
diameter of 23.7 mm at a dose of 250 mg/ml on 
E. coli and lowest zone of growth inhibition was 
observed on P. aeruginosa, which gave a zone of 
inhibition measuring 8.6 mm.  The lowest 
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 
calculated for E. coli at 25 mg/ml while the 
highest MIC calculated was for P. aeruginosa & 
B. subtilis (75 mg/ml). The antibacterial 
properties suggest that the phytoconstituents 
present in leaves extract are potential for eliciting 
antibacterial activity, and also corroborate the use 
of plant in traditional medicine for itch and, 
common skin problems.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gupta et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 308-311 
 
310 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 1  Effect of disc diffusion and MIC antimicrobial bioassay. The results are the mean values of triplicate tests repeated three 
times after every 72   hours of inhibition at 37°C; data statistically significant at p < 0.05; MIC minimum inhibitory concentration. 
Zone of inhibition (mm) 
Microorganisms        
Dose      
E. coli B. subtilis S. aureus P. aeruginosa 
Leaves extract 
50 mg/disc 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 
100 mg/disc 8.4 0.0 4.3 0.0 
150 mg/disc 16.3 5.2 9.2 3.1 
200 mg/disc 20.4 8.5 13.5 5.8 
250 mg/disc 23.7 12.4 17.5 8.6 
MIC (mg/ml) 25 75 50 75 
Ciprofloxacin 
5 µg/disc 20.3 14.3 18.5 10.3 
25 µg/disc 27.4 23.7 20.6 18.5 
50 µg/disc 36.8 33.5 31.9 25.7 
100 µg/disc 42.1 41.5 36.4 30.2 
200 µg/disc 45.7 48.4 41.7 38.5 
MIC (µg/ ml) 0.31 0.62 0.31 1.25 
 
 
References 
[1]. C D Wood, V C Badve. Application of 
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methods of easing feed scarcity in N W 
India. Livestock Production Programme 
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1997-2000. 
[2]. R K Bansal et al. Diterpenoids from 
Acacia leucophloea. Phytochemistry. 
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[3]. Department of Indian System of Medicine 
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[4]. Arun Kumar Gupta, Rajesh Gupta, G 
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[5]. Sujata G Dastidar et al. Studies on the 
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311 
 
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Preliminary Investigation of Antimicrobial Property of Acacia leucophloea Leaves Extract

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Preliminary Investigation of Antimicrobial Property of Acacia leucophloea Leaves Extract

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