Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)New records and notes on the distribution of the family Caenidae from Roraima state, Brazil are provided. No previous records were known of this family from Roraima. Our study reports four speciesof Brasilocaenis and Caenis: Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975, Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999, C. fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 and C. reissi Malzacher, 1986. In addition, an unidentified species of Latineosus, based in a unique exuvia, was also found. © 2016 Check List and Authors.124407623/2013–2, CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Boldrini R.

Lima L.R.C.

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English

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Check List the journal of biodiversity data
First records of small squaregilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera, 
Caenidae) from the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil
Lucas R. C. Lima1* and Rafael Boldrini2
1 Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Campus Heróis do Jenipapo, Laboratório de Biodiversidade, CEP 64280-000, Campo Maior, PI, Brazil 
2 Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), Campus Paricarana, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade (CBio), Laboratório de Entomologia, 
CEP 69310-000, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil 
* Corresponding author. E-mail: lucaslima_86@hotmail.com
Abstract: New records and notes on the distribution 
of the family Caenidae from Roraima state, Brazil 
are provided. No previous records were known of this 
family from Roraima. Our study reports four species 
of Brasilocaenis and Caenis: Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 
1975, Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999, C. 
fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 and C. reissi Malzacher, 1986. In 
addition, an unidentified species of Latineosus, based in 
a unique exuvia, was also found.
Key words: Caeninae; Brachycercinae; savannah; 
Neotropics; checklist
INTRODUCTION
Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) is globally wide-
spread, except for New Zealand, Antarctica, and various 
oceanic islands (Edmunds et al. 1976; Domínguez et al. 
2006; Barber-James 2008). In the Neotropical Region, 
five genera and 32 species of Caenidae have been re corded 
(Barber-James et al. 2013; Molineri 2014; Lima et al. 
2015; Angeli et al. 2016). In Brazil, there are 20 species 
of Caenidae recorded in two subfamilies and four genera: 
Caeninae (Brasilocaenis Puthz, 1975 and Caenis Stephens, 
1836) and Brachycercinae (Alloretochus Sun & McCafferty, 
2008 and Latineosus Sun & McCafferty, 2008).
The nymphs of this family can be easily distin-
guished by the operculated gills of tergum II, which are 
quadrangular and overlap on median line of body and 
have a dorsal Y-shaped ridge; the filamentous gills on 
abdominal segment I; and the absence of hind wing 
pads. Nymphs occur in a variety of water bodies, includ-
ing ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers, mostly along the 
margins on sand with a thin layer of silt but also can 
be found aggregated in vegetation in areas of flow and 
in floating lentic plants (Edmunds et al. 1976; Brittain 
1982; Edmunds and Waltz 1996; McCafferty et al. 1997; 
Francischetti et al. 2001). 
Adults can be distinguished by their small and 
undivided eyes, a median lighter mark (ommation) 
present on mesonotum, hind wings absent with anal 
area of fore wings expanded, and forceps 1-segmented. 
The subimagos emerge in the early morning in some 
species and at nightfall in others, molting within 
minutes; the adult stage is brief, lasting only a few hours 
at most (Edmunds et al. 1976; Domínguez et al. 2006; 
Da-Silva and Salles 2012).
The northern region of Brazil has 13 records of 
Caenidae species, mainly confined to small areas in 
Acre, Amazonas, and Pará (Puthz 1975; Malzacher 
1986; 1990; Angeli et al. 2016). Information regarding 
other states in the region remains virtually nonexistent. 
The state of Roraima occupies about 2.6% of Brazil 
(ITERAIMA 2005) and contains the largest continuous 
track of savannas in the Brazilian Amazon (Barbosa et 
al. 2005). The taxonomic knowledge of the Caenidae in 
the state of Roraima is unknown, with no records to this 
region until now. Here, we provide the first inventory of 
the family Caenidae for the state of Roraima.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collections were done between December 2015 and 
February 2016 in three sites in the state of Roraima 
(Figure 1). 
The subimagos were captured with light traps from 
18:00 until 05:40, and nymphs were captured with an 
aquatic entomological net. Male genital structures were 
examined in alcohol gel and then stored in alcohol. 
Nymphs were permanently mounted in Euparal. Identi-
fications were based on keys in Domínguez et al. (2006) 
and also by comparisons against original descriptions. 
Diagnoses of each species are from Domínguez et al. 
(2006).
The material examined is housed in the Zoological 
Collection of Universidade de Roraima (UFRR), Boa 
Vista, Brazil.
Check List 12(4): 1919, 6 Month 2016 doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1919
ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors
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12
1919
6 Month 2016
Lists of species
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Lima and Boldrini  |  First records of Caenidae from Roraima
3.1–3.5 mm; 2) base of antennal flagellum slender; 3) 
male genitalia with forceps enlarged near base and nar-
row toward apex, apex of forceps curved inwardly; 4) 
meso- and metanota light brown, abdomen yellowish 
with darker spots on terga II–III and VII.
Previous distribution. Brazil: states of Amazonas 
and Mato Grosso. Colombia: Leticia.
Material. Two male imago (UFRR 95 and UFRR 
96), Brazil, Roraima, Caracaraí municipality, Parque 
Nacional do Viruá, estrada perdida, first watercourse. 
Pennsylvania trap, 01°27ʹ19.81ʺ N, 060°58ʹ17.98ʺ W, 
08.xii.2015, Boldrini, R. and Barroso, P.C.S. col.
RESULTS
We provide below a list of new records of mayfly 
species to the state. For each species we list geographical 
distribution data and provide a diagnosis.
Species list 
Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975 (Figures 2 and 3)
Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975: 12 — Irmler, 1975: 348; Malzacher, 
1986: 85 (male, female, nymph, egg); Malzacher, 1998: 3.
Brasilocaenis irmeli, Shimano et al. 2011: 245 (mispelling).
Diagnosis. Male Imago: 1) Body length of male 
Figure 1. Map of the Roraima state with study sites: 1) Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Amajari municipality; 2) Amajari River, Amajari municipality; 3) 
Parque Nacional do Viruá, Caracaraí municipality.
Figures 2 and 3. Brasilocaenis irmleri. 2, dorsal view. 3, ventral view.
 Check List  |  www.biotaxa.org/cl Volume 12 | Number 4 | Article 1919 3
Lima and Boldrini  |  First records of Caenidae from Roraima
Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999 
(Figures 4–6)
Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999: 61 — Lima et al. 
2015: 3.
Diagnosis. Male Imago: 1) Body length of male 2.9–
3.7 mm; 2) prosternal triangle with concave sides, and 
anteriorly broad; 3) finger-like process on abdominal 
tergum II absent; 4) lateral filaments of abdominal 
segments apparently short or lacking; 5) posterior 
margin of styliger plate more or less triangular; 6) lobes 
of penes well developed and rounded, a median groove 
with a pair of small indentations present; 7) forceps 
relatively long with basal and median projections; 8) 
abdominal terga with gray-brown pigments; in general 
aspect a yellowish brown species.
Previous distribution. Brazil: Pernambuco state. 
Colombia: Valle del Cauca.
Material. Ten male imagos (UFRR 98, UFRR 99, 
UFRR 100, UFRR 101, UFRR 102, UFRR 103, UFRR 104, 
UFRR 105, UFRR 106, UFRR107, UFRR 108) and three 
male imagos with genitalia mounted on slides (UFRR 
92, UFRR 80, UFRR 81), Brazil, Roraima, Amajari, 
Rio Amajari, RR 203, below the bridge, 03°39.860ʹ N, 
061°21.541ʹ W, 16–18.ii.2016, Boldrini, R. and Lima, 
L.R.C. col.
Caenis fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 (Figures 7 and 8)
Caenis fittkaui Malzacher, 1986: 91 — Salles et al. 2010: 304, Shimano 
et al. 2011: 245, Lima et al. 2015: 3.
Diagnosis. Male Imago: 1) Body length of male 
2.8–3.7 mm; 2) prosternal triangle anteriorly closed and 
laterally with straight margins; 3) finger-like process 
on abdominal tergum II absent; 4) lateral filaments of 
abdominal segments apparently short or absent; 5) 
posterior margin of styliger plate almost straight; 6) 
lobes of penes fused, forming a rounded head, with a 
constriction in basal one-quarter, and small tubercles 
distributed on ventral surface; 8) apex of forceps sharp, 
sclerotized, and somewhat directed toward median line, 
surface with approximately 15–20 setae, forceps 9–11 
times longer than median width; 9) abdominal terga 
diffusely tinted, segment II with a medial stripe and 
segment VII with black spots on margins; in general 
aspect a yellowish brown species.
Previous distribution. Brazil: states of Espírito 
Santo, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, and Pará.
Figures 7 and 8. Caenis fittkaui. 7, dorsal view. 8, ventral view.
Figures 4–6. Caenis chamie. 4, dorsal view. 5, ventral view. 6, genitalia (ventral view).
 Check List  |  www.biotaxa.org/cl Volume 12 | Number 4 | Article 1919 4
Lima and Boldrini  |  First records of Caenidae from Roraima
Material. One male subimago (UFRR 97), Brazil, 
Roraima, Amajari, Rio Amajari, RR 203, below the 
bridge, 03°39.860ʹ N, 061°21.541ʹ W, 16–18. ii. 2016, 
Boldrini, R. and Lima, L.R.C. col.
Caenis reissi Malzacher, 1986 (Figures 9–11)
Caenis reissi Malzacher, 1986: 95.
Diagnosis. Male Imago: 1) Body length of male 2.0–
2.4 mm; 2) antennal bristle with short and asymmetric 
slightly dilated base; 3) prosternal triangle usually open 
anteriorly; 4) finger-like process on abdominal tergum 
II absent; 5) lateral filaments of abdominal segments 
apparently short or lacking; 6) posterior margin of 
styliger plate gently convex; 7) apical margin of penes 
elliptically curved; lobes of penes flat located on wide 
shaft, only weakly distinct; 8) apex of forceps rounded, 
although somewhat tapered toward apex and gently 
curved toward median line in basal third to half; surface 
with numerous recumbent setae; and 9) abdominal 
terga I–II with apical margins dark and two oblong 
lateral spots; in general aspect a light brownish yellow 
species.
Previous distribution. Brazil: Pará state.
Material. Six male imagos (UFRR 109, UFRR 110, 
UFRR 111, UFRR 112, UFRR 113, UFRR 114) and three 
male imagos with genitalia mounted on slides (UFRR 
79, UFRR 93, UFRR 94), Brazil, Roraima, Amajari, 
Rio Amajari, RR 203, below the bridge, 03°39.860ʹ N, 
061°21.541ʹ W, 16–18.ii.2016, Boldrini, R. and Lima, 
L.R.C. col.
Latineosus sp. 
Material. One exuvia mounted on slide (UFRR 
78), Brazil, Roraima, Alto Alegre, Estação Ecológica 
de Maracá, Rio Uraricoera, near the float at the head 
office, 03°21ʹ09.67ʺ N, 061°25ʹ34.15ʺ W, 19–21.ii.2016, 
Boldrini, R. and Lima, L.R.C. col.
DISCUSSION
A total of 25 specimens and one exuvia belonging to 
three genera and five species were collected and recorded 
for the first time to state of Roraima. The nymphal exuvia 
of Latineosus was not possible to identify but probably 
represents a new species. Additional specimens are 
necessary to confirm its specific status.
Caenis chamie is known from all stages and appears to 
belong to the pflugfelderi-group of species as defined by 
Malzacher (2001) for C. pflugfelderi Malzacher, 1990 and 
C. panamensis Malzacher, 2001. This species shows some 
variation in the shape of male genitalia forceps, and is 
very similar to C. pflugfelderi Malzacher, 1990. However, 
it can be distinguished by having the apical margin of 
penes straight and the apophyses of the styliger sclerite 
pointed and straight. Caenis reissi, described from 
male imagos, belongs to the reissi-group Malzacher 
(1986, 2001), characterized by male genitalia with 
reduced, weak and uncoloured sclerites, often hardly 
recognizable. 
Caenis fittkaui and B. irmleri, described from imagos of 
both sexes, nymphs and eggs in the original description 
(Irmleri 1975; Malzacher 1986), are characterized by 
male genitalia with strong, sclerotized, and apically 
pointed forceps. The presence of the last species 
represents the first record of the genus to the state of 
Roraima.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our gratitude to CNPq 
(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e 
Tecnológico, process: 407623/ 2013-2) and team of the 
Estação Ecológica de Maracá and Parque Nacional do 
Viruá for logistic support. We are grateful to Instituto 
Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade 
(ICMBio) for Collection permission, number: 28811-8.
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Author contributions: Both authors collected the data and wrote 
the text.
Received: 27 March 2016
Accepted: 5 June 2016
Academic editor: Alonso Ramirez


First Records Of Small Squaregilled Mayflies (ephemeroptera, Caenidae) From The State Of Roraima, Northern Brazil

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First Records Of Small Squaregilled Mayflies (ephemeroptera, Caenidae) From The State Of Roraima, Northern Brazil

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