New Species Of Pseudanos Winterbottom, 1980 (characiformes: Anostomidae), With Notes On The Taxonomy Of P. Gracilis And P. Trimaculatus

Abstract

A new species of Pseudanos (Characiformes, Anostomidae) is described from the Rio Negro in Brazil, and the Río Casiquiare and Río Atabapo, in Venezuela. Specimens of the new species were previously mistakenly identified as Pseudanos gracilis. The new species is diagnosed by having three branchiostegal rays (vs. four in P. gracilis and most specimens of P. winterbottomi), dark transversal bars on dorsum absent (vs. present in P. trimaculatus), dark spots present on the center of each body scale, forming conspicuous, straight dark lines (vs. dark spots absent in P. gracilis and in some specimens of P. trimaculatus), four midlateral dark blotches on body (vs. usually two, sometimes three or four in P. trimaculatus, or body lacking midlateral blotches and presenting instead a broad midlateral stripe in P. winterbottomi), angle of dorsal and ventralmost radii of body scales between 40° and 90° (vs. angle between 110° and 180° in P. gracilis and P. trimaculatus), and cranial fontanel opened along its entire length (vs. cranial fontanel partially closed in P. trimaculatus). Type specimens and extensive additional material of Pseudanos gracilis and P. trimaculatus were examined and comments on the taxonomy of both species are provided. Pseudanos irinae is herein considered a junior synonym of P. trimaculatus. In addition, an updated key to identification of valid species of Pseudanos is presented. Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press.34255568Goulding, M., Carvalho, M.L., Ferreira, E.G., (1988) Rio Negro: Rich Life in Poor Water, 200p. , SPB Academic Publishing, HagueKner, R., Beiträge zur Familie der Characinen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1858) Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 30 (13), pp. 75-80Lima, F.C.T., Ribeiro, A.C., Continental-scale tectonic controls of biogeography and ecology (2011) Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes, pp. 145-164. , Albert, J.S. & Reis, R.E. (Eds.) University of California Press, BerkeleySidlauskas, B.L., Dos Santos, G.M., Pseudanos winterbottomi: A new anostomine species (Teleostei: Characiformes: Anostomidae) from Venezuela and Brazil, and comments on its phylogenetic relationships (2005) Copeia, (1), pp. 109-123Sidlauskas, B.L., Vari, R.P., Phylogenetic relationships within the South American fish family Anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes) (2008) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 154, pp. 70-210Taphorn, D.C., The Characiform fishes of the Apure river drainage, Venezuela (1992) Biolania, 4, pp. 1-538Taylor, R., Van Dyke, C.C., Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study (1985) Cybium, 9, pp. 107-119Vanzolini, P.E., As viagens de Johann Natterer no Brasil, 1817-1835 (1993) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 38 (3), pp. 17-60Vari, R.P., Phylogenetic relationships of the families Curimatidae, Prochilodontidae, Anostomidae, and Chilodontidae (Pisces: Characiformes) (1983) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 378, pp. 1-60Weitzman, S.H., The osteology of Bryxon meeki, a generalized characid fish, with an osteological definition of the family (1962) Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin, 8, pp. 1-77Winemiller, K.O., Willis, S.C., The Vaupes arch and Casiquiare canal-barriers and passages (2011) Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes, pp. 225-242. , J.S. Albert & Reis, R.E. (Eds.) University of California Press, BerkeleyWinemiller, K.O., López-Fernández, H., Taphorn, D.C., Nico, L.G., Duque, A.B., Fish assemblages of the Casiquiare River, a corridor and zoogeographical filter for dispersal between the Orinoco and Amazon basins (2008) Journal of Biogeography, 35, pp. 1551-1563Winterbottom, R., Systematics, osteology and phylogenetic relationships of fishes of the ostariophysian subfamily Anostominae (Characoidei, Anostomidae) (1980) Life Sciences Contribution Royal Ontario Museum, 123, pp. 1-11