Bauhinia ser. Aculealae Vaz & A. M. G. Azevedo, a new series in section Pauletia, is established as separate from Bauhinia ser. Cansenia (Rafinesque) Wunderlin, K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen. A description of the new series is presented together with a description of series Cansenia newly circumscribed.13114114

Tozzi, AMGD

Vaz, AMSD

Novon A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature

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Aculeatae, a New Series in Bauhinia Section Pauletia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae)
Author(s): Angela Maria S. da F. Vaz and Ana Maria G. de Azevedo Tozzi
Source: Novon, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Spring, 2003), pp. 141-144
Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press
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Aculeataen a New Series in Bauhinia Section Pauletia 
(Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) 
Angela ANaria S. da F: Vaz 
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, Rio de 
Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil. amvaz@jbrj.gov.br 
Ana Maria G. de Azevedo Tozzi 
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Botanica, Caixa Postal 6109, 
Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil 
ABSTRACT. Bauhinia ser. Aculeatae Vaz & A. M. 
G. Azevedo, a new series in section Pauletia, is 
established as separate from Bauhinia ser. Cansen- 
ia (Rafinesque) Wunderlin, K. Larsen & S. S. Lar- 
sen. A description of the new series is presented 
together with a description of series Cansenia newly 
circumscribed. 
Key words: Bauhinia sect. Pauletia, Brazil, 
Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae, Leguminosae. 
Bauhinia L. is a pantropical genus of tribe Cer- 
cideae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Wunder- 
lin's (1976) and Wunderlin et al.'s (1981, 1987) 
studies led to a classification of the Cercideae, in- 
cluding 4 subgenera, 22 sections, and 30 series for 
Bauhinia. Bauhinia sect. Pauletia (Cavanilles) DC. 
is characterized by the presence of 10 fertile sta- 
mens or by 5 fertile stamens alternating with 5 sta- 
mens with reduced anthers or, rarely, with 6 to 8 
fertile stamens and 2 to 4 staminodes. In all cases, 
filaments are connate at the base and generally 
have pollen grains with a reticulated sexine and 
with a supratectal gemoid process. Section Pauletia 
encompasses ca. 70 species in tropical America 
and 2 species in southern Asia, South China, and 
the Malesian Area, according to Wunderlin et al. 
(1987). In tropical America, its distribution ranges 
from Mexico to Argentina, encompassing 53 spe- 
cies of Bauhinia in Brazil (Vaz, 2001). 
Bentham (1870) divided Bauhinia sect. Pauletia 
into three informal groups of species based on the 
attributes of petals and stamens: (1) narrow petals, 
10 perfect stamens, without prickles; (2) narrow 
petals, alternate (antepetalous) filaments with 
smaller or deficient anthers or anantheriferous, 
prickles robust-growing; (3) obtuse petals, 10 per- 
fect stamens, prickles robust-growing. Wunderlin et 
al. (1987) divided Bauhinia sect. Pauletia into five 
series, including also features of the calyx, pollen, 
and fruits: Bauhinia ser. Cansenia (Rafinesque) 
Tunderlin, K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen, B. ser. Acu- 
minatae Wunderlin, K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen, B. 
ser. Perlebia (Martius) Wunderlin, K. Larsen & S. 
S. Larsen, B. ser. Pentandrae Wunderlin, K. Larsen 
& S. S. Larsen, and B. ser. Ariaria (Cuervo Mar- 
quez) Wunderlin, K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen. Here, 
the first and third groups proposed by Bentham 
(1870) whose species have 10 perfect anthers were 
merged into series Cansenia. Nevertheless, Wun- 
derlin's Cansenia comprises two distinct groups in 
Bauhinia and should therefore be divided into se- 
ries corresponding roughly to the first and third in- 
formal groups proposed by Bentham (1870). 
This paper, which is part of a more extensive 
taxonomic study of Bauhinia sect. Pauletia (Vaz, 
2001), emends the taxonomic ircumscription of its 
* 1 * * /) * I lncluslve serles (>ansenla ncl proposes a new sep- 
arate series. To circumscribe both series, we have 
added the following new diagnostic characters: in- 
florescence type, the presence/absence of prickles, 
and the presence/absence of the extrafloral nectar- 
ies. The inflorescences in Neotropical Bauhinia 
sect. Pauletia are terminal pseudoracemes, which 
always have successively geminate pedicels. The 
sympodium is leafy at base, or the leaves are re- 
placed by foliaceous bracts (series Cansenia and 
Ariaria). In another group of species (series Acu- 
leatae, Pentandrae, Perlebia), flowers are arranged 
in 2(34) leaf-opposed clusters (cymoids). These 
inflorescences are of terminal origin, although re- 
ferred to as axillary or supra-axillary by most au- 
thors. Both types of inflorescence (pseudoracemes 
and cymoids) have already been recognized in Bau- 
hinia by Urban (1885). Structures described by 
Bentham (1870) as "aculei" ( = prickles) are in 
fact prickles in some species and extrafloral nec- 
taries in others. The extrafloral nectaries, as rec- 
ognized here, were first detected for B. currula 
Bentham (Resende et al., 1994, see fig. 1), although 
NOVON 13: 141-144. 2003. 
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142 Novon 
Vogel ( = B. hirsutiJYora V z), both species belong- 
ing to series Pentandrae. 
SPECIES INCLUDED 
1. Bauhinia acuruana Moricand, P1. Nouv. Amer. 
6, p. 77, tab. 5. 1840. 
2. BauAinia aalreopzmetata Ducke, Arch. Jard. 
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 53. 1925. 
3. Bauhinia bombacifora Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. 
Rio de Janeiro 3: 104, fig. 5. 1922. 
4. Bauhinia brevipes Vogel, Linnaea 13: 307. 
1839. 
5. Bauhinia burchellii Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 186. 1870. 
6. Bauhinia caloneura Malme, Bih. Kongl. Sven- 
ska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 25 (3, n° 11): 29. 
pl. 2. 1900. 
7. Bauhinia campestris Malme, Ark. Bot. 5(5): 10. 
1905. 
8. Bauhinia candelabriformis R. S. Cowan, Contr. 
Sci. Los Angeles County Mus. 13: 4, fig. 1. 
1957. 
9. Bauhinia cheilantha (Bongard) Steudel, Nom. 
Bot., ed. 2, v. 1, p. 191 sphalm. 291. 1840. 
10. Bauhinia cinnamomea DC., Prodr. p. 517. 
1825. 
11. Bauhinia conwayi Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. 
Gard. 8(28): 92. 1912. 
12. Bauhinia cupulata Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 188. 1870. 
13. Bauhinia currula Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 194. 1870. 
14. Bauhinia dubia G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2, p. 463. 
1832 non B. dubia Vogel. 
15. Bauhinia dumosa Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 194. 1870. 
16. Bauhinia fusconervis (Bongard) Steudel, Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2, v. 1, p 1, p. 191 sphalm. 291. 1840. 
17. Bauhinia gardneri Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 186. 1870. 
18. B(luhinia goyazensis Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 
33(72): 21. 1903. 
19. Bauhinia grandifolia (Bongard) Steudel, Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2 v. 1, p. 191 sphalm. 291. 1840. 
20. B(luhinia holophylla (Bongard) Steudel, Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2* v. 1, p. 191 sphalm. 291. 1840. 
21. Bauhinia leptantha Malme, Ark. Bot. 5(5): 11. 
1905. 
22. Bauhinia longicuspis Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 185. 1870. 
23. Bauhinia longifolia (Bongard) Steudel, Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2^ v. 1, p. 191 sphalm. 291. 1840. 
24. Bauhinia longipedicellata Ducke, Arch. Jard. 
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 105. 1922. 
a "nectar secreting thread" has already been re- 
corded by van der Pijl (1952: 292) for an American 
species not identified. The extrafloral nectaries are 
smaller, not pungent, intrastipular projections, 1-2 
mm long, subulate or ovoid in shape. They are also 
presented in pseudoracemes as paired projections 
from foliaceous bracts. In some species extrafloral 
nectaries may be rudimentary or obsolete. Adpe- 
ciolar prickles are always pungent, straight or hook- 
shaped, 1-10 mm long. They are positioned below 
or beside the adjacent stipules. In some species, 
the alternate prickle may be rudimentary or obso- 
lete. 
Bauhinia ser. Cansenia (Rafinesque) Wunderlinb 
K. Larsen dz S. S. Larsen, Biol. Skr. 28: 12. 
1987, hic emendavit. Basionym: Cansenia Raf- 
inesque, Sylva Tellur. 122. 1838. TYPE: Can- 
senia ungulata (L.) Rafinesque (lectotype, des- 
ignated by Wunderlin (1976)). 
Plant with terminal branches ascendent, prickles 
absent; extrafloral nectaries present or rudimentary. 
Inflorescence a terminal pseudoraceme, leaflessw 
with foliaceous bracts or sometimes with scattered 
reduced leaves toward the apex, partial inflores- 
cence adnate to the main axis by geminate pedi- 
cels, (l-)2(-3)-flowerecl; calyx at anthesis irregu- 
larly connate at the apex and splitting into 2 to 5 
lobes; petals narrow, acute or acuminate or obtuse 
(only in B. cheilantha); 10 fertile stamens, connate 
at the inner internal face, but without ligular ap- 
pendix. 
Suffrutescent, about 0.5-2 m high, when growing 
in "campo" open formations or Brazilian savannas 
with a conspicuous xylopodium a subterranean 
organ adapted for vegetative propagation during 
rainy periods, after a long-lasting dry season and 
periodical burning of the aerial portion of plant 
cover (Rizzini & Heringer, 1961, 1962). Also found 
growing as trees or treelets, 4-15 m tall in forest, 
including gallery forests. The multi-stemmed 
shrubby habit is found in Brazilian savannas 
(burned periodically with scattered trees and a her- 
baceous ground cover), secondary forests, and dis- 
turbed areas in Brazil. 
Pollen triangular-shaped in polar view, angulap- 
erturate 3(4) colpi short, covered with a colpus 
membrane (figs. 10-14 in Ferguson & Pearcee 
1986; Melhem & Labouriau, 1963; Vaz, 2001, part 
1, fig. 16D). 
This series, here newly circumscribed, corre- 
sponds to the first group of Bauhinia sect. Pauletia 
(Bentham, 1870), except for Bauhinia marginata 
(Bongard) Steudel and BauSinia hirsuta (Bongard) 
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Volume 13, Number 1 
2003 
Vaz & Azevedo 143 
Bauhinia ser. Aculeatae 
25. Bauhinia malacotricha Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 
33(72): 22. 1903. 
26. Bauhinia malacotrichoides Cowan, Contr. Sci. 
Los Angeles County Mus. 13: 8, fig. 3. 1957. 
27. Bauhinia membranacea Bentham, in Martius, 
F1. Bras. 15(2): 187. 1870. 
28. Bauhinia pulchella Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 190. tab. 49. 1870. 
29. Bauhinia rufa (Bongard) Steudel, Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2, v. 1, p. 192. 1840. 
30. Bauhinia smilacifolia Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 183. 1870. 
31. Bauhinia subelavata Bentham, in Martiuse F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 188. 1870. 
32. Bauhinia tenella Bentham, in Martius, Fl. 
Bras. 15(2): 195. 1870. 
33. Bauhinia ungulata L., Sp. P1. ed. 1, p. 374. 
1753. 
34. Bauhinia urocalyx Harms, Notizbl. Konigl. 
Bot. Gart. Berlin 6(59): 308. 1915. 
Bauhinia ser. Aculeatae Vaz & A. M. G. AzevedoS 
ser. nov. TYPE: Bauhinia aculeata L. 
Rami terminales vulgo subhorizontales, aculei gemini 
vel subsolitarii; nectaria extrafloralia nulla. Inflorescentiae 
foliosae, partiales unilaterales, 2(34)-florae; calyx per an- 
thesin in spatham deflexam hinc fissus ad basim; petala 
lata, oblanceolata vel spathulata; stamina 10, omnia fer- 
tilia, base interne appendice ligulari praedita. 
Plant with terminal branches subhorizontal, 
prickles paired or subsolitary, extrafloral nectaries 
absent. Inflorescence leafy, partial inflorescences 
unilateral, 2(3-6)-flowered, calyx spathaceous at 
anthesis and then splitting to the base, petals 
broad, oblanceolate or spathulate; stamens 10, all 
fertile, at inner base with ligular appendix. 
Trees or treelets, ca. 4-15 m tall, found in forest 
formations in tropical America, including gallery 
forests of Brazilian cerrado, but never suffrutescentz 
although they may survive as multi-stemmed 
shrubs in secondary forest, including disturbed ad- 
jacent sites. In high-altitude grassland ("campos de 
altitude") in southeastern Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro 
and Sao Paulo states, they may occur as treelets. 
Pollen (4-)54-zonocolpate with colpi wide and 
short ( = type 3 subtype b, in Gamerro & Fortun- 
ato, 2001, figs. 97; Vaz, 2001, part 1, fig. 16B; 
see also Barth & Bousada, 1964, figs. 1, 2). 
This series corresponds to the third group of 
Bauhinia sect. Pauletia (Bentham, 1870), exclud- 
ing Bauhinia corniculata Bentham, which belongs 
to series Pentandrae and B. cheilantha cited above, 
under series Cansenia. 
SPECIES INCLUDED 
1. Bauhinia acreana Harms, Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. 
Gart. Berlin 6: 307. 1915. 
2. Bauhinia aculeata L., Sp. P1. ed. 1, 374. 1753. 
3. Bauhinia agnis Vogel, Linnaea 10: 594. 1836. 
4. Bauhinia albicans Vogel, Linnaea 13: 304. 
1839. 
5. Bauhinia caatingae Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 
42: 209. 1908. (from caatinga, a Brazilian veg- 
etation type; sphalm. catingae). 
6. Bauhiniaforficata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 
404. 1821. 
7. Bauhinia integerrima Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 197. 1870. 
8. Bauhinia mollis (Bongard) D. Dietrich, Syn. P1. 
2: 1475. 1840. 
9. Bauhinia ovata (Bongard) Vogel, Linnaea 13: 
300. 1839. 
10. Bauhinia platypetala Bentham, in Martius, F1. 
Bras. 15(2): 198. 1870. 
Acknowledgments. The authors thank Dorothy 
D. Araujo (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro) for the English 
translation and Tarciso S. Filgueiras (IBGE, Bra- 
silia) for his review and improvement of the Latin 
diagnosis. BTe appreciate the helpful comments of 
Dan H. Nicolson (US), Victoria C. Hollowell (M0), 
and R. P. Wunderlin (Tampa, Florida). Thanks to 
the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cien- 
tffico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for a Ph.D. fellowship 
at Unicamp University given to Angela S. da F. Vaz. 
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Aculeatae, a new series in Bauhinia section Pauletia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae)

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Aculeatae, a new series in Bauhinia section Pauletia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae)

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