Pvc/organically Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Effects Of Processing And Clay Incorporation Methodology [nanocompósitos De Pvc Com Argila Organicamente Modificada: Efeitos Do Processamento E Do Metodo De Incorpora̧ão Da Argila]

Abstract

Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and an organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) were prepared using different production approaches to assess possible effects on the degree of clay intercalation/exfoliation. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied using X ray diffratometry and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile properties and static thermal stability were also evaluated. Hybrid intercalated/partially exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained, regardless of whether the PVC compound was processed from the powder (dry blend) or granulated (extruded) samples, or of the methodology used for incorporation of O-MMT into the PVC compound (directly in the intensive mixer or pre-exfoliated in a hot mixture of DIDP/ESO). The plasticizers, present in the flexible PVC compound, exerted an important role in the process of intercalation and exfoliation of the clay, helping the formation of the nanocomposites.19119(2008) 2008 world vinyls analysis, , Chemical Market Associates, Chemical Market Associates, Inc, HoustonChow, G.-M., Kurihara, L.K., Chemical synthesis and processing of nanostructured powders and films (2002) Nanostructured materials: Processing, properties and potential applications, , C. C. Kock ed, Noyes Publications, NorwichJordan, J.Jacob, K. I.Tannenbaum, R.Sharaf, M. A. & Jasiuk, I. - Materials Science and Engineering: A, 393, p.1 (2004)Schmidt, D.Shah, D. & Giannelis, E. P. - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 6, p.205 (2002)Yang, F., Ou, Y., Yu, Z., (1998) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 69, p. 355Gilman, J.W., (1999) Applied Clay Science, 15, p. 31Giannelis, E.P., (1992) Materials and Design, 13, p. 100Lan, T.Kaviratna, P. D. & Pinnavaia, T. J. - Chemistry of Materials, 6, p.573 (1994)Wang, Z.Lan, T. & Pinnavaia, T. J. - Chemistry of Ma- terials, 8, p.2200 (1996)Alexandre, M., Dubois, P., (2000) Materials Science and Engineering: R, 28, p. 1Ray, S.S., Okamoto, M., (2003) Progress in Polymer Science, 28, p. 1539Paul, D.R., Robeson, L.M., (2008) Polymer, 49, p. 3187Pavlidou, S., Papaspyrides, C.D., (2008) Progress in Polymer Science, 33, p. 1119Utracki, L.A., (2004) Clay-containing polymeric nanocompo- sites, 1. , v, Rapra Technology Ltd, ShropshireRodolfo Jr., A., Mei, L.H.I., (2007) Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 17, p. 263Wang, D.Parlow, D.Yao, Q. & Wilkie, C. A. - Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 7, p.203 (2001)Schaefer, D.W., Justice, R.S., (2007) Macromolecules, 40, p. 8501Yalcin, B., Cakmak, M., (2004) Polymer, 45, p. 6623Kovarova, L.Kalendova, A.Gerard, J.-F.Malac, J.Simonik, J. & Weiss, Z. - Macromolecular Symposia, 221, p.105 (2005)Peprnicek, T.Duchet, J.Kovarova, L.Malac, J.Gerard, J.-F. & Simonik, J. - Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91, p.1855 (2006)Peprnicek, T.Kalendova, A.Pavlova, E.Simonik, J.Duchet, J. & Gerard, J.-F. - Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91, p.3322 (2006)Francis, N., Schmidit, D.F., PVC/layered silicate nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization, and properties (2007) ANTEC, p. 1238. , Cincinnati, EUA, pKalendova, A.Kovarova, L.Malac, Z.Malac, J.Vaculik, J.Hrncirik, J. & Simonik, J. - Modified clay in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), in: ANTEC 2002, Saõ Francisco - EUA (2002)Southern Clay Products - Cloisite® 30B - Typical physical properties bulletin, disponível em www.scprod. com. Acesso em 4 fev. 2008Faulkner, P.G., (1975) Journal of Macromolecular Science - Physics B, 11, p. 251Rabinovitch, E.B., Summers, J., (1980) Journal of Vinyl Technology, 2, p. 165Marques, R.P., Covas, J.A., (2003) Processing characteristics of U-PVC compounds, , Companhia Industrial de Resinas Sintéticas, EstarrejaFillot, L.-A.Hajji, P.Gauthier, C. & Masenelli-Varlot, K. - Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 12, p.98 (2006)Alves, J.P.D., Rodolfo Jr., A., (2006) Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 16, p. 165Fornes, T. D.Yoon, P. J.Keskkula, H. & Paul, D. R. - Polymer, 42, p.9929 (2001