Identification And Characterization Of Aromatic Degrading Halomonas In Hypersaline Produced Water And Cod Reduction By Bioremediation By The Indigenous Microbial Population Using Nutrient Addition

Abstract

Hypersaline produced water is a high volume waste stream that is typically contaminated by toxic low molecular weight aromatic compounds exemplified by phenol. Aromatic compound degrading Halomonas were isolated from hypersaline produced water obtained from offshore operations in Brazil, which had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 4300 mg/L. These isolates were able to aerobically degrade the oxygenated aromatics phenol, benzoic acid, para-hydroxybenzoic acid and some isolates were shown to produce aromatic dioxygenase activities associated with highly conserved aromatic degradation pathways utilized by a broad range of aromatic degrading bacteria. The presence of aromatic degrading bacteria in the hypersaline produced water suggested that the COD content could be reduced by bioremediation using the indigenous microbial population by the addition of nutrients. Using this approach a variety of nitrogen, phosphorous and carbons sources were identified that individually or in combination significantly improved the reduction in COD after aerobic incubation. These results demonstrate the potential of applying bioremediation to undiluted hypersaline produced water for COD reduction and aromatic compound removal. Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.27385390Arnold, R., Burnett, D.B., Elphick, J., Feeley III, T.J., Galbrun, M., Hightower, M., Jiang, Z., Verbeek, P., Managing water-from waste to resource (2004) Oilfield Review, 16 (2), pp. 26-41Ausubel, F.M.R., Kinston, R.E., Moore, D.D., Seidman, J.G., Smith, J.A., Strhl, K., (1989) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, , John Wiley & Sons, New York, USAClark, C.E., Veil, J.A., (2009) A White Paper Describing Produced Water Volumes and Managements Pratices in the United States, , Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USAFairley, D.J., Boyd, D.R., Sharma, N.D., Allen, C.C., Morgan, P., Larkin, M.J., Aerobic metabolism of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in Archaea via an unusual pathway involving an intramolecular migration (NIH shift) (2002) Applied Environmental Microbiology, 68, pp. 6246-6255García, M.T., Ventosa, A., Mellado, E., Catabolic versatility of aromatic compound-degrading halophilic bacteria (2005) FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 54 (1), pp. 97-109Lefebvre, O., Moletta, R., Treatment of organic pollution in industrial saline wastewater: A literature review (2006) Water Research, 40, pp. 3671-3682Masai, E., Yamada, A., Healey, J.M., Hatta, T., Kimbara, K., Fukuda, M., Yano, K., Characterization of biphenyl catabolic genes of Gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1 (1995) Applied Environmental Microbiology, 61, pp. 2079-2085Oie, C.S., Albaugh, C.E., Peyton, B.M., Benzoate and salicylate degradation by Halomonas campisalis, an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic microorganism (2007) Water Research, 41, pp. 1235-1242Ornston, L.N., Stanier, R.Y., The conversion of catechol and protocatechuate to β- Ketoadipate by Pseudomonas putida (1966) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 241, pp. 3776-3786Speight, J.G., (2007) The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, , 4th edn. Marcel Dekker, New York,USAVeil, J.A., Puder, M., Elcock, D., Redweik, R.Jr., (2004) A White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Bed Methane, , Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USAWolin, E.A., Wolin, M.J., Wolfe, R.S., Formation of methane by bacterial extracts (1963) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 238, pp. 2882-2886Yang, C., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Niu, Y., Du, M., He, X., Ma, C., Xu, P., Metabolic versatility of halotolerant and alkaliphilic strains of Halomonas isolated from alkaline black liquor (2010) Bioresource Technology, 101, pp. 6778-6784Zhao, B., Wang, H., Mao, X., Li, R., Biodegradation of phenanthrene by a halophilic bacterial consortium under aerobic conditions (2009) Current Microbiology, 58 (3), pp. 205-210Zhuang, X., Han, Z., Bai, Z., Zhuang, G., Shim, H., Progress in decontamination by halophilic microorganisms in saline wastewater and soil (2010) Environmental Pollution, 158, pp. 1119-211