Mass Transport In Intrinsically Conducting Polymers: Importance, Techniques And Theoretical Models [transporte De Massa Em Polímeros Intrinsecamente Condutores: Importância, Técnicas E Modelos Teóricos]
In this work we discuss the aspects related to the phenomenon of mass transport in thin electroactive polymer films. Such phenomenon must be considered because the properties and consequent applications of these materials largely depend on the movement of charge carriers, i.e. ions, electrons or holes. The most recent majority of the techniques, methods and theoretical models used in this type of study are gathered and discussed, providing an easy and critical way for choosing the methodology for an investigation.223358368De Paoli, M.-A., Silva, G.G., Lemes, N.H.T., Polo Da Fonseca, C.M.N., (1997) Solid State Ionics, 93, p. 105De Paoli, M.-A., Wolfenson, A.E., Torresi, R.M., Bonagamba, T.J., Panepucci, H., (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B., 101, p. 3469Li-Ming, D., Jing, S., Yun-Qing, L., Cheng-Zong, Y., (1997) Huaxue Xuebao, 55, p. 254Chemical Abstracts, 126, p. 238940Masayoshi, W., (1997) Netsu Sokutei, 24, p. 12Chemical Abstracts, 126, p. 245186Pendzig, P., Dieterich, W., Knoedler, D., Ntzan, A., Olender, R., (1996) Mater. Sci. Forum, 223, p. 61Vincent, C.A., (1987) Process in Solid State Chemistry, 17, p. 145Brett, M.A., Brett, A.M.O., (1996) Electroqumíca: Princípios, Métodos e Aplicaçōes, p. 91. , OxfordNew YorkBard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R., (1980) Electrochemical Methods, 316, p. 119. , WileyNew YorkKoryta, J., Kavan, L., (1993) Principles of Electrochemistry, p. 79. , WileyNew YorkKharkats, Y.I., Noskov, A.V., (1997) Electrochim. Acta, 42, p. 813Scrosati, B., (1993) Applications of Electroative Polymers, p. 32. , Chapman & HallLondonVorotyntsev, M.A., Daikin, L.I., Levi, M.D., (1994) J. Electroanal. Chem., 364, p. 37Vorotyntsev, M.A., Badiali, J.P., Vieil, E., (1996) Electrochim. Acta, 41, p. 1375Randies, J.E.B., (1947) Disc. Faraday Soc, 1, p. 11De Paoli, M.-A., Menescal, R.K., (1986) Quím. Nova, 9, p. 133Chiang, C.K., Fincher, C.R., Park, Y.W., Heeger, A.J., Shirakawa, H., Luis, E.J., Gau, S.C., McDiarmid, A.J., (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett., 33, p. 1098Skotheim, T.A., (1986) Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 1-2. , DekkerNew YorkNalwa, H.S., (1997) Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, 4. , WileyEnglandGeniés, E.M., Boyle, A., Lapkowski, M., Tsintavis, C., (1990) Synth. Met., 36, p. 139Mattoso, L.H.C., (1996) Quim. Nova, 19, p. 388De Paoli, M.-A., Zoppi, R.A., (1993) Quím. Nova, 16, p. 560Pickup, G., Ren, X., (1993) J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 89, p. 321Deslouis, C., Musiani, M.M., Tribollet, B., (1997) Synth. Met., 84, p. 827Lipkowski, J., Ross, P.N., (1994) Electrochemistry of Novel Materials, p. 141. , VCHNew York cap.4Frant, M.S., (1997) J. Chem. Educ., 74, p. 159Gholomian, M., Contractor, A.Q., (1990) J. Elcctroanal. Chem., 289, p. 69Olivi, P., Nunes, V.P., (1997) Anais da 2oa- Renniāo Anual da SBQ, , Poços de Caldas EQ85Dixon, D.G., Varelas, C.G., (1995) Aiche Journal, 41, p. 805Kalcic, I., Zorc, B., (1997) Kem. Ind., 46, p. 171Chemical Abstracts, 127, p. 39565Kan, Z., Hui-Huang, W., (1997) Chem. Res. Chin. Univ., 13, p. 56Gao, Z., Chen, B., Zi, M., (1994) Analyst, 119, p. 459Kaiser, A.B., (1995) Synth. Met., 69, p. 197Nakao, H., (1997) Anal. Chem., 69, p. 1030Pickup, P.G., (1989) Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 88, p. 165Levi, M.D., Pisarevskaya, E.Y., (1991) Synth. Met., 45, p. 309Lien, M., Katsuhiko, N., Smyrl, W., (1991) J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, p. 440Vorontyntsev, M.A., Vieil, E., Heinze, J., (1995) Russian J. Electrochem., 31, p. 1027Reynolds, J.R., Pyo, M., (1995) J. Phys. Chem., 99, p. 8249Buttry, D.A., Deakin, M.R., (1989) Anal. Chem., 61, p. 1147De Paoli, M.-A., Peres, R.C.D., (1992) Synth. Met., 48, p. 259Reynolds, J.R., Baker, C.K., Qiu, Y.-J., (1991) J. Phys. Chem., 93, p. 4446Buttry, D.A., Ostrom, G.S., (1995) J. Phys. Chem., 99, p. 15236Ohsaka, T., Oyama, N., (1995) Prog. Polym. Sci., 20, p. 761De Paoli, M.-A., (1994) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 5, p. 191Matencio, T., De Paoli, M.-A., Peres, R.C.D., Torresi, R.M., Torresi, S.I.C., (1995) Synth. Met., 72, p. 59Vieil, E., Meerholz, K., Matencio, T., Heinze, J., (1994) J. Eleclroanal. Chem., 368, p. 183Bolt, A.W., (1992) Curr. Separations, 314, p. 61Kwak, J., Yang, H., (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B., 101, p. 774Deslouis, C., Musiani, M.M., Tribollet, B., Vorotyntsev, M.A., (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, p. 1902Mastragostino, M., Ferloni, P., Meneghello, L., (1996) Eledrochim. Acta, 41, p. 27Schindler, R.N., Barsoukov, E., Popkirov, G.S., (1995) Electrochim. Acta, 40, p. 1857Grzeszczuk, M., Zabinska-O, G., (1993) J. Electroanal. Chem., 559, p. 161Gabrielli, C., Haas, O., Takenouti, H., (1987) J. Appl. Electrochem, 17, p. 82Musiani, M.M., (1990) Electrochim. Acta, 35, p. 1665Horanyi, G., Inzelt, G., (1988) Electrochim. Acta, 33, p. 947Kazarinov, V.E., Andreev, V.N., Spytsin, M.A., Shlepakov, V., (1989) Electrochim. Acta, 55, p. 899Christensen, P.A., Hamnett, A., Hillman, A.R., (1988) J. Electroanal. Chem., 242, p. 47Higgins, S.J., Hamnett, A., (1991) Electrochim. Acta, 36, p. 2123Krishna, V., Ho, Y.-H., Basak, S., Rajeshwar, K., (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, p. 3325Inganas, O., Pei, Q., (1993) J. Phys. Chem., 97, p. 6034Gandhi, M.R., Murray, P., Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., (1995) Synth. Met., 73, p. 247Smela, E., Inganäs, O., Lundström, Y., (1995) Science, 268, p. 1731Otero, T.F., (1996) J. Phys. Org. Chem., 9, p. 381De Paoli, M.-A., Polo Da Fonseca, C.M.N., Sansiñena, J.M., Olazábal, V., Otero, T.F., (1997) Chem. Comm., p. 2217Volfkovich, Y.W., Bagotzky, V.S., Zolotova, T.K., Pisarevskaya, E.Y., (1996) Electrochim. Acta, 41, p. 1905De Levie, R., (1967) Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Enggineering, 6. , InterscienceNew YorkMount, A.R., Albery, W.J., (1991) J. Elcctroanal. Chem., 505, p. 3Matencio, T., Pernault, J.M., Electrochim. Acta, , submetidoPernaut, J.M., Soares, L.C., Belchior, J., (1997) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 8, p. 175Matencio, T., Pernault, J.M., (1997) Anais da 20a- Reunião Annal da SBQ, , Poços de Caldas EQ80Servagent, S., Vieil, E., (1990) J. Electroanal. Chem., 280, p. 227Gabrielli, C., Haas, O., Takenouti, H., Tsukada, A., (1991) J. Electroanal. Chem., 502, p. 59Armstrong, R.D., Hamnett, A., Christensen, P., Read, D.C., Johnson, B.W., (1994) J. Electroanal. Chem., 364, p. 103Gazotti, W.A., Casalbore-Miceli, G., Geri, A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1998) Adv. Mater., 10, p. 60Neves, S., Polo Da Fonseca, C.M.N., De Paoli, M.-A., (1997) Synth. Met., 89, p. 167Boukamp, B.A., (1989) Equivalent Circuit Users Manual, , University of TwenteThe NetherlandsBull, R.A., Fan, F.R.F., Bard, A.J., (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc., 729, p. 1009Hall, E.A.H., Skinner, N.G., (1994) Synth. Met., 63, p. 133De Paoli, M.-A., Gazotti Jr., W.A., resultados não publicadosGazotti Jr., W.A., De Paoli, M.-A., (1996) Synth. Met., 80, p. 263Laska, J., Pron, A., Zagorska, M., Lapkowski, M., Lefrant, S., (1995) Synth. Met., 69, p. 113Pron, A., Laska, J., Österholm, J.-E., Smith, P., (1995) Polymer., 34, p. 4235Macdonald, J.R., (1987) Impedance Spectroscopy Emphasizing Solid Materials and Systems, , WileyNew YorkKazarinov, V.E., Levi, M.D., Vorotyntsev, A.M., (1989) J. Electroanal. Chem., 277, p. 193Deslouis, C., Moustafid, T.E., Musiani, M.M., Tribollet, B., (1996) Electrochim. Acta, 41, p. 1343Pickup, P.G., (1990) J. Client. Soc. Faraday Trans., 86, p. 3631Mulder, W., (1992) J. Elcctroanal. Chem., 326, p. 231Mount, A.R., Elliott, C.M., Albery, W.J., (1990) J. Elcctroanal. Chem., 288, p. 15Boukamp, B.A., (1995) Programa "EQUlVCRT"Versāo 4.51Gazotti Jr., W.A., Matencio, T., De Paoli, M.-A., (1998) Electrochim. Acta, 43, p. 457Glarum, S.H., Marshall, J.H., (1987) J. Electrochem. Soc., 134, p. 142Rubistein, I., Sabatini, E., Rishpon, J., (1987) J. Electrochem. Soc., 134, p. 3078Jow, T.R., Shacklette, L.W., (1988) J. Electrochem. Soc., 135, p. 541Tanguy, J., Mermilliod, N., Hoclet, M., (1987) J. Electrochem. Soc., 134, p. 795Vincent, C.A., McCallun, J.R., (1984) Applications of Piezoelectric Crystal Microbalance, , ElsevierNew YorkBruckenstein, S., Shay, M., (1985) Electrochim. Acta, 39, p. 1295Miwa, A., Izuka, Y., Hosoda, K., Wakamatsy, K., Oya, M., (1996) Byoin Yakngaku, 22, p. 89Chemical Abstracts, 124, p. 253294Sudoh, M., Aonuma, T., Tsubaki, Y., Ohashi, K., Kimura, M., (1996) Maku, 21, p. 74Chemical Abstracts, 124, p. 197522Omowunmi, A., (1996) ACS Symp. Ser., 646, p. 37Lee, K., Raghavan, S., Mathew, V., (1997) Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 96, p. 126Sauerbrey, G., (1959) Z. Phys., 755, p. 206Kanazawa, J., Gordon, G., (1985) Anal. Chem., 57, p. 1770Muramatsu, H., Tamiya, E., Karube, L., (1988) Anal. Chem., 60, p. 2142Muramatsu, H., Ye, S., Suda, M., Sakuhara, T., Ataka, T., (1992) J. Electroanal. Chem., 522, p. 311Buttry, D.A., Ward, M.D., (1992) Chem. Rev., 92, p. 1355Hillman, A.R., (1997) Sol. State Ion., 94, p. 151Hillman, A.R., Bandey, H.L., Gonsalves, M., Glidle, A., Bruckenstein, S., (1996) J. Eleclroanal. Chem., 410, p. 219Martin, S.J., Granstaff, V.E., Frye, G.C., (1991) Anal. Chem., 63, p. 2272Martin, S.J., Granstaff, V.E., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 1319Polo Da Fonseca, C.M.N., (1997), Tese de DoutoradoUnicampSoares, D.M., Tenan, M.A., Wasle, S., (1997) Electrochim. Acta, 44, p. 263Velinov, T., Arsova, D., Vateva, E., (1997) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 55, p. 11014Xing-Zheng, W., Morikawa, T., Katsumi, U., Toshiyuki, H., (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B., 707, p. 1520Mathias, M.F., (1996) J. Electroanal. Chem., 407, p. 115Koziel, K., Lapkowski, M., Vieil, E., (1997) Synth. Met., 84, p. 9