The accurate transfer of information from a nucleotide-based code to a protein-based one is at the heart of all life processes. The actual information transfer occurs during protein synthesis or translation, and is catalysed by ribosomes, supported by a large host of additional protein activities—the translation factors. This chapter reviews how the different eukaryotic initiation, elongation and termination factors assist the ribosome in establishing appropriate contacts with mRNAs during translation initiation, decode the genetic code during translation elongation, and finally release the newly made polypeptide and reuse the ribosomes during the termination and recycling phases
