Series of ceramics from recycle waste glass and mica powder have successfully been made and their physical properties of these glasses which include density, bulk modulus, volume expansion and compressive strength have been determined. Comparison of their physical specification to the conventional insulators has also been made. The results show that these ceramics exhibit reasonable mechanical, thermal and physical properties to be a potential thermal insulator.

Budi, Agus Setyo

Sujito, Sujito

English

Jurnal ILMU DASAR

Jurnal ILMU DASAR, Vol. 12 No. 1, Januari 2011 : 37 - 39 37Recycle Waste Glass for Thermal InsulatorAgus Setyo Budi1) & Sujito2)1)Materials Science, Physics Department State University of Jakarta2)Materials Science, Physics Department State University of JemberABSTRACTSeries of ceramics from recycle waste glass and mica powder have successfully been made and their physical properties of these glasses which include density, bulk modulus, volume expansion and compressive strength have been determined. Comparison of their physical specification to the conventional insulators has also been made. The results show that these ceramics exhibit reasonable mechanical, thermal and physical properties to be a potential thermal insulators.Keywords : Ceramics, mica, thermal conductivityINTRODUCTIONThousands  tones  of  glass  are  discarded  daily throughout  the  world,  mostly  in  the  form  of non-returnable  bottle  and  containers.  A growing  interest  in  conservation  of  resources and  ecological  preservation  has  led  to  an increase  in  the  recovery  of  solid  waste including glass. The need for recycling waste glass (cullet) is a way of saving not only raw materials but  also energy (Norman  1980).  It has been reported that for every 1 % of recycle waste  glass  been  used  as  starting  batch,  it would  save  0.5%  of  the  combustion  energy. But the collection of cullet in some countries, by  any  mean,  is  far  from  successful.  In Malaysia,  for  example,  some  local  glass manufacture has to import cullet only to fulfill the demand required by their factory.  This is shown in Table 1. From Table 1, it can clearly be seen that the company has to import some of the cullet from neighboring countries with the total  amount  of  439.696  kg  which  is  about 439.696  ton/month.  It  is  therefore  very imperative to seek for new product that is made based on recycle waste glass.It  has  been  reported  earlier  that  when the recycle waste glass powder is mixed with mica powder  and  sintered  at  temperature  about 800оC,  ceramics  with  different  physical properties  were  produced  (Havac  2002,  Pask 2004).  By  controlling  the  mica  content,  it  is always  possible  to  change  the  physical  and mechanical  properties  in  such  away  that  the ceramics  with  required  properties  can  be produced.  In  this  paper,  some  physical  and mechanical  properties  that  would  give  some indications  of  this  ceramics  to  be  insulators will be presented.Table  1.  The  average  collection  of  cullet  for local  glass  manufacture,  2001 (source, Malaya Glass Sdn Bhd).Source Amount (kg)Bottling Plant 825166Thailand 263004Singapore 91434Locals 85258METHODSThe glass powder used for the present investigation were  prepared  from  recycle  cullet  supplied  from local glass container  manufacturer.  The cullet  was firstly  ground  into  a  relatively  fine  powder  with mean  grain  size  about  165µ m  and  215µ m. Analysis using EDAX (Energy Dispersive of x-ray analysis) showed that the recycle waste glass powder consisted  of  composition  as  shown  in  Table  2. Meanwhile,  the  mica  powder  used  in  this investigation  were  of  phlogopite  type  and  were obtained from the local supplier and the content is shown as in Table 2.A proportional amount of glass powder and mica are then well mixed to form a homogeneous mixture. A suitable  amount  of  water  was added as  wetting agent as proposed by Reed [Reed, J.S. 1988]. This mixture was then poured into a mould before being dried in an oven at 60оC for 24 hours. The sample were then sintered in an electrical furnace at 850оC. The thermal conductivity has been determined using Lee’s  Disc  Method  which  is  commonly  used  for most poor conductor.Table  3  shows  the  composition  of  cullet  and mica that has been used in this experiment.38           Recycle Waste Glass……….(Agus Setyo Budi & Sujito)RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAs can be seen from Table 2, a wide range of ceramic  may  be  obtained.  However, composition  with  more  than  50%  of  mica exhibits  a  distribution  of  crack  and  may  not suitable for further investigation. On the other hand,  ceramic  with  higher  content  of  cullet exhibits  a distribution of hole on the surface. For  a  mount  more  than  50  wt% the  mixture will be very saturated and not homogenous.Table  4  shows  the  thermal  conductivity  of ceramic. From Table 4 it can be seen that the thermal  conductivity  in  the  range  of  (0.45  – 0.675) Wm- K-1 may be achieved.It  can  also  be  said  that  the  value  is decreasing with the increasing of mica content. Meanwhile,  Table  5  shows  the  thermal conductivity  of  some  commercial  materials available in the market place. For comparison, the  value  of  modulus  of  elasticity  of  cullet-mica ceramic and other material was also inserted  (Noh 1988). From Table 5, it can be said  that  the  thermal  conductivity  of  these ceramic is much lower than that is available in the market. The modulus of elasticity of these materials is also comparable to the commercial materials.Table  6  shows  some  specifications  of  the physical  properties  of  cullet-mica  ceramic which had been presented elsewhere (Brown  & Mackenzie 1992, Charles  2008). It should be noted here that  the properties  are dependence on  the  composition  of  the  mica  content.  It means  that  the  manufacturer  can  tailor  the formation  of  the  ceramic  according  to  the requirement (Rawson  1990).  All  the  data shown in Table 5 and Table 6, the results might reflect that the degree of porosity of the sample become slightly higher when the mica content is  increased  and   would  suggest  that  this ceramic  can  be  very  potential  as  thermal insulators especially for building materials and medium temperature range furnaces. Table 2. EDAX analysis on cullet and mica powder (wt%).Components Cullet (wt%) Mica (wt%)Si 35.95 24.20O 43.07 42.71Mg 0.23 0.69Al 1.61 21.69Fe 0.10 1.89Na 10.88 ~Ca 6.16 ~K ~ 8.26F ~ 0.11Ba ~ 0.45Table 3. Composition of cullet and mica (wt%).Sample no. Cullet (wt%) Mica (wt%)S1 90 10S2 80 20S3 70 30S4 60 40S5 50 50Table 4.  Thermal conductivity of some ceramics composition.Mica content (%) Thermal conductivity, (Wm-1K-1)10 0.67520 0.55630 0.51240 0.47950 0.450Jurnal ILMU DASAR, Vol. 12 No. 1, Januari 2011 : 37 - 39 39Table 5. Comparison of the thermal conductivity of some commercial ceramics.Ceramic type Modulus  of elasticityThermal conductivity (Wm-1 K-1)ApplicationCullet-mica (27-47) x 103 0.4 – 0.7 Thermal InsulatorsMagnesite (brick) 170 x 103 3.8 Steel Melting FurnaceFireclay brick 97 x 103 1.5 Heaters LiningPorcelain 69 x 103 1.9 As an  alternative  in  the aesthetic  restoration  of the anterior teeth.Table 6. Some specifications of cullet-mica ceramic (Brown & Mackenzie  1992, Rawson  1990).Properties Physical valuesBulk Modulus (kgm-1 s-2) (1 – 10) x 1010Volume expansion (%) (-25 – 7)Compressive Strength (Mpa) > 120Bulk Density (gcm-3) (1.5 – 2.4)Max. operating Temperature (C) 600In  a  transparent  material  such  as  glass,  any measurement  of  conductivity  become complicated by the fact that glass also conducts heat  internally  by  radiation.  Hence  published figures  for  glass  thermal  conductivity  show considerable disagreement and because of this uncertainty, thermal conductivity in glass is not used extensively as a design parameter (Koller 2010).  Therefore  it  is  suggested  that  a  study should be carried out in order to overcome this uncertainty.CONCLUSIONThe  present  study  has  shown  that  some samples exhibit a unique composition in which the properties is found to be superior than some of  the  conventional  insulating materials.  This would  suggest  that  the  glass-mica  ceramic materials  are  potential  structural  elements  for thermal  insulating  application.  What’s  more, this  mixure  seems  to  be  environmental friendly.REFERENCESBrown  JWM  &  Mackenzie  KJD.  1992.  Process Design for the Production of Ceramic-like Body from Recycled Glass. J.Mat. Sc. 17:2164-70.Charles,  Harper  A.  2008.  Handbook  of  Ceramics,  Glasses, and Diamonds. McGraw-Hill.Havac  J.  2002.  The  Technology  of  Glass  and Ceramic: an Introduction. Elseiver  Sc. Pub. Co. New York.Koller, A. On Science, Art, Technology, A Resource of  Glass,  the  Corning  Museum  of  Glass. http://w.w.w.  Cmog.org/Education/ edprglop.html. [12 December 2010].Noh  MZ.  1988.  Effect  on  Composition,  Sintering and  Graind  Size  on  Cullet-mica  Ceramic  System. Unpublished  Msc  Thesis,  Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Norman MDL. 1980.  Glass Recycling. J.Mater. Sci 15:  2497-507.Pask  JA.  2004.  Ceramic  Material  Processing Character. China:Science Press..Rawson  H.  1990.  Properties  and  Application  of  Glass. Elseiver: AmsterdamReed  JS.  1988.  Introduction  to  Principles  of  Ceramic Processing. New York; John Wiley & Son.

Recycle Waste Glass for Thermal Insulator

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Recycle Waste Glass for Thermal Insulator

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