A new species of foraminifer, Turriglomina? anatolica n. sp., is erected from the Lower Cretaceous of North-Western Anatolia, Turkey. The species is characterized by a well developed meandrospirid stage followed by a rectilinear, helicoidal stage. The morphology of the new taxon is similar to that of the Triassic genus Turriglomina zaninetti, however, the generic attribution is doubtful as the evolutionary path of meandrospirids is not documented from Triassic to Cretaceous.&nbsp

ALTINER, DEMIR

MARTINI, ROSSANA

RETTORI, ROBERTO

ZANINETTI, LOUISETTE

English

Riviste UNIMI

Dicembre 2OOlNOTA BREVE-SHOM NOTETURRIGLOMINA ? ANATOLICA, N. SP (FORAMINIFERIDA)FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF NORTH-\TESTERN ANATOLIA (TURKEY):REMARKS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MESOZOIC MEANDROSPIRIDSDEMIR ALTINER 1, ROBERTO RETTORI 2, LOUISE,TTE ZANINETTI : se RoSS.ANA MARTINI 3Receroed May 18,20a1; accepted September 2A,2001Key -rt ords. Foramìnifers, Nerv Species, Taxonoml', Cretaceous,Turkey.Riassunto. Nel presente lavoro viene descritta una nuova specredì foreminifero, Tuniglomina? anatolica, n. sp., del Cretacico inferioredell'Anatolia nord-occident;rle. La nuor';r specie è caratterizzata da unostadio ìniziale ad alvolsimento meendrospiroìdeo seg;uito da unaseconda parte rettilinea ad andanrento elicoidale. La morfologia diquesto nuovo taxon è simile a quella del genere triassico Turrig/ominaZaninetti. L'attribuzione generica della nuova specie è comunque dubi-tativa a ceusa del fatto che il trend evolutivo di questo gruppo diforaminiferi non è documentato dal Triassico al Cretacico.Abstract. A new species of foraminifer, Turrig/omína ? anatoli-cd, n.sp., ìs erected frorn the Lower Cretaceous of North-\ffesternAnatolia, Turkey: The species is characterized by a well developedmeandrospirid stage folloned by a rectilinear, heljcoidal stage. Themorphology of the nen taxon ìs sin-rilar to that of the tiassic genusTurriglomina Zamnetti; hon'ever, the generic attributjon is doubtful asthe evolutjonary path of meandrospirids is not documented from Tri-assic to Cretaceous.lntroduction.Iìr the evolution of Triassic foraminifers, rhe genusTkrriglomina Zaninetti in Limongi er al. (1982) (rypespecies: Turritellella mesotridsica Koehn-Zaninerri, 1968)is a well-known taxon composed of several species rang-ing stratigraphically from Anisian to Norian. This genusis considered to be linked in evolution to tiassic repre-sentatives of Meandrospira Loebltch & Tappan (Rettori,1995). Although Turriglomina is not reported from theJurassic, we describe from the Creraceous of Anatolia ameandrospirid foraminifer, similar to the Triassìc genusTurriglomina, earlier recorded and figured by Altiner(1991) as Meandrospiranella sp. The new form isdescribed as Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp. Floweverthe generic attribution remains doubtful as the evolu-tionary link between the Triassic and Cretaceors Me.ln-dr o sp ira -Twrriglom ina linea ge s is not do cumente d.The new species is recorded from a successionlocated 25 km North of the Bilecik City (Fig. 1). TheJurassic to Lower Cretaceous sequence in this area iscomposed of four formations, widely exposed in North-\(/estern Anatolia u'hich is located in the Sakarya Conti-nent, one of the tecronic enriries in the Neo-Tethyanevolurion of Turkey (Altiner et al., 1991;. The Hettan-gian-Pliensbachian Bayirkóy Formation is composed ofcontinental to marine siliciclastics intercalated with fos-siliferous Rosso Ammonitico facies (Fig. 2). After a gapin sedirnentation, a carbonate regime starts in the suc-cession comprising the nodular limestones of the^ llCallovran-Oxtordian TasEibayiri Forrnation in the low-est part. The major unit of the carbonate succession isthe Kimmeridgian-Valanginian Gúnóren Limestone,mainly consisting of coral-rich reefal and high-energylimestones. The calcareous and argillaceous pelagic sedi-ments of the latest Valanginan-Aptian Sogukgam Lime-stone overlies the Gùnòren Limestone with a condensedlevel rich in crinoids at the bottom. Turriglomina ? ana-tolica, n. sp., is recorded from this condensed level. Theupper boundary of the Sogukqam Limestone is notexposed in the studied area.Systematic PalaeontologyOrder Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1 830Suborder Miliolina Delage & Hérouard, 1896Superfamily Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1 8541 Middle East Technical Universìtv, Department of Geoìogical Engineering, 06130 Ankara, Turkey, e-mail: demir@lmetu.edu.tr2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazza Unìversità, 06100 Perueia, Italy', c-m;ri1: rrettori@)unìpg.it.3 Dép:rrtement de Géologie et Paléontologie, 13 rue des Maraîchers, 1211 Genèr-e,{, Suisse, e-mail: Louisette.Zaninetti(aìterre.unjqe.ch178 D. Altimer. R. Rettorí. L. Zaninetti €; R. MartiniFamily Meandrospiridae Saidov;r, 1981, emend.Zaninettr et al., 1.987Subfamily Turri glomini nae Zaninetti i nLimongi et al., 1987Genus TurriglominaZantnettrin Limongi et al., 1982Type species: Turritellella mesotriasíca Koehn-Zaninettr, 1968Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp.Pl. 1, fìgs. 1-1ó1991 lleandrospiranelLt sp. Altiner, pl. 13, figs.6-8.199ir lleanttrospiranella n. sp. Altiner et al., p. 32 (not figured).Origin of the name. The name of the nerv species is after theregion Anatolìa, whcre Turríghmìna ? anato/íca n. sp. has been fìrstl1'recorded.Holotype. The holotvpc (P1. 1, fig. 1) is a slightlv oblique lon-gitudinal section, passing through the proloculus anc{ shon'ing boththe helicojdal and meandrospirid parts of the tesr.Paratypes. They rre figured in Pl. 1, figs. 5, /, 13, 15, 16.!,'pe localin-. 25 hm North of Bilecik, North-Western Anatolia(TLrrkc1.) (Fig. t).Type level. Condcnsed level ;rt the bottorn of the SogukgamLimestone, sample G-5, referable to the Hedbergella sigalildelrìoensìsZone (latest Valanginian to earliest Barremian) of Robaszvnski trCaron ( 1 995).Material and repository. The nen specìes is present in foursamples (G-5, G-9, G-10 and GO-11A) from tN'o measurcd sections(G and GO); the metcrial rs cleposited in the micropaleontological coì-lection of the Marine Micropaleontologl'Research Unit, Middle ErstTechnicel Universìt1-, Ankara.Microfacies and microfaunal association. The micro-facies containing Turriglomina ? anatolica n. sp. arewackestones to packstones rich in crinoids, bryozoa andpelagic elenents such as planktonic foraminifers, thinshelled bivalves etc. The microfaunal àssemblage con-nins Globuligerina boteriz,ica (Subbotina), Hedbergellasrgali (Mou1lade), Globochaete alpina Lombard, Mean-drospira faz,rei (Charollais, Brònnimann & Zaninetti),Vidaliùa spp., OphthaÌmidìum sp., Textularia sp., Spirìl-Lina spp., Patellina turriculata Dieni & Massari, Patellinaspp., Lenticulina sp., Gavelinella sp., Epistomind sp., arTdataxophragmiid foraminifers.Description. The test of the new species consists oftwo parts. The meandrospirid spherical portion is char-acterized by a globular proloculus, followed b,v a secondundivided tubular chamber, rvhich is rounded in section.The chamber describes, as in the genus MeandrospiraLoeblich Ee Tappan, 2 to 211, (aÌmost 3 in the holotype)planispirally coiled involute r.r'hor1s, composed of sever-al tight meanders, 5 to 6 in each whorl. The diamcter ofthe tube incre:rses with gron'th, in order to reach in thesecond whorl, twice the diameter of the tube in the firstwhorl; however, the number of the meanders reueinsconstant.In the second part of the test, the tubular chan'rberFie. 1 - Geographic location (A and B) and geological map (C) otthe studv area (after Altiner et :r1., 1991, modified).describes a high spire, helicoidal and close-coiled inorder to form a columella ; the number of n'horls variesfrom 5 to 7, and the diameter of the tubular chamberremains constant.The wall is black. complct and porcelaneous,Sample no.v-xCet":r* ^I.^1\GKks: Sogukgam Limestone (tatest Valanginian-Aptian)JKbgr cúnóren Limestone (Klmmeridgian-Valanginian)Jbt: Ta g g'bayiii Formation (CalÌovjan-Odoidia n)Jb: BayirkÒy Fo.rnation (Henangian-pliensbachian)New, species of TurriglominaSample no179Fig.2 - Measured stratìgraphic sec-tions (G end GO; after Altjn-er et al., 1991, modified) andtype leveì ol Turriglornina ?anato/ica n. sp.a.-ETh'ck-bedded, coarse-grainedcontjnental or shallow marinesandstoneól) F) ,'\w v 1--lCoral Brachiopcd Ec,\inoid^@oooSponae Cretac€ouss.îraller Globdligennaspicuie Pianktonicforamrnifersoften recrystallised. The aperture is simple, at the end oftube.In the studied material, we have recognized twotypes of specimens characterized bv different dimen-sions of the proloculus, and interpreted rs megalospher-ic (Pl. 1, figs. 1, 6-7,11., 13) and n-ricrospheric genera-tions (P1. 1, figs. 4, 12, 14).In the megalospheric forms,the dimensions of the proloculus approximately corre-spond to the diameter of one u..horl around the prolocu-lus of the microspheric specimens. For the orhcr p.ìram-eters of the test, the two different generations do notexhibit a noriceable change in the overall size and gener-al rnorpholoe,v.Dimensions (in microns). Height of the test: 260-400; width of the rectilinear portion: ZO-1OO; diameter ofthe meandrospirid portion: 120-150; di:rmeter of the@ó@Ut^t o'óproloculus: ,10-50 (megalospheric), 1O (microspheric) ;diarneter of the tubular chamber in the first whorl: 1O;diameter of the tubular chamber in the last planisoiraiwhorl: 20; height of the tubular chamber in the heli-coidal portion: 2O-30; thickness of the wall: less than 10.Remarks. Altiner (1991) attributed the spccimensfigured in pl. 2, 3 and 5 ro rhe Triassic gews Mean-drospiranella Salaj. However, rh;s.rttribution can not becorrect since the rectilinear porrion of Turrig/omìna ?anatolica n. sp. ìs helicoidai and does not describe ameandrospirid uncoiled sra€ie as in Meandrospiranel/a.Turriglomìna scandonei Zaninettr et al. and Turrig/omina mdgnd (Urosevic) are the two Triassic speciescharacterized by a well-developed meandrospirid stage(Limonei et aL. 1987; Urosevic 1977; Zminetti et al.1987; Zaninetti et al. 1.99a; Bérczt-Makk 1993; Rettori10(t\ll-lcù(JoCOycúo c'.o_ .:h-10F:rli::::_LrmestoneL_,'L iH.igh-€nergyllmestonez77VSt//4(\Cross-beddedsanostonei:rtReefalilmestonew<><>NodularImesÌon9Argillaceous Condensedlìmestonelimestone wfth crinoid sandVJ\.J_Ò-) 1^- tdc-)lsffiDasyciadr\B€lemniteóCrinoidGO480 Altimer, R. Rettori, L. Zaninetti €; R. Martini1995; Martini et al. 1995); Turriglomina ? anatolica n. sp.differs from Twrriglomina scandonei in having smalierdimensions, a iower number of meanders in the spheri-cal portion, and a thinner wall. It is drstinguished fromTurriglomina magna by r much regulrr coiling of themeandrospirid part, and a well developed helicoidalstage.The other Triassic species of Twrriglomina, Tur-riglomina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti), Turriglominaconica (He-Yan) and Turriglomina carnica (Dager) char-acterized by their small dimensions and a reduced mean-drospirid stage, can be clearly distinguished from all theother representatives of the genus Turriglomina, and alsoftom Twrriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp.Finally, the Ladinian-Carnian Turriglomina robustaBérczi-Makk from Hungary does not exhibit the pecu-liar features of the genus; for this reason it can not becompared to Tuniglomina ? anatolicd, n. sp.From the Lower Cretaceous of Algeria, Sigal(1952) cited a species called Meandrospira cljffiensischaracterized by a meandrospirid initial part followed byî rcafilrncrr sfîqeFloweveq from the two specimens illustrated andgiven as drawings by Sigal (1952, pL 12, two figs.), it isnot possible to recognise the type of coiling of the rec-tilinear portion, which is described by the author asuncoiled (dérowlé). For this reason, Meandrospira djaf-faensis can not be compared to Turriglomina ? anatolica,n. sp.Phylogenetic considerations.The stratigrrphic range of Turrìglomtnd, com-posed of several species, is Anisian to Norianl the genusis so far completely unknown from the Jurassic platformor basinal facies. In the Triassic, Twrriglomina, because ofits me:rndrospirid early stage, has been considered to belinked to Meandrospira and derived from this genuslZaninerti et al.. 1987; Rettori. le95r. Similarly. the dis-covery of Turriglomina-llke forms in the Cretaceous ofAnatolia su€igests, as in the evolutionary lineage691077. 1.2observed in the tiassic Meandrospiridae, rhat Tur-riglomina ? anatolica, n. sp., could also have been derivedfrom a Meandrospira ancestor. This is in concordancewith the fact that the genus Meandrospira (species ,M.favrei) is also known from the Lower Cretaceous(Valanginian) of several Western Tethyan localities,including the type locality of T. ? anatolica, n. sp., inNorth -Western Anatolia.In this hypothesis, the Meandrospira hneageshould be continuous from the Triassic to the Creta-ceous, with the evolutionary potential to produce, at anytime, specimens with a helicoidal stage. These speci-mens, resulting from an iterative evolution, are morpho-logically identical to Turriglomina Zaninetti in Limongiet al., and can not be distinguished from this genus. Forthis reason, Turrìglomina is here considered as a poly-phyletic taxonomic unit, and the genus is used withreservation for the Cretaceous species from Anatolia.Aclenouledgements.The authors are grateful to TUBITAK (The Scientìfic andTechnical Research Council of Turke,v), to the CNR (ConsiglioNazionale delle Ricerche, Italia) and to the FNSRS (grant N' 20-50577.97) ior supporting this study. Prof. A. Koqyigit, Prof. A. Fari-nacci, Dr. U. Nicosìa and Dr. M.A. Conti helped in r.arious stages oftbe fields.ork. Thanks are due to A. Cherchi (Unìversìtv of Cagliari)i"r her heìp in the ìn'pr.rernent ol-rlrc rn:nu.cript.PLATE 1All specìmens ,rre from the lorvermost prrrt of the Sogukgam Limestone, North--ù/estern Anatolia, Turke1..Fìgs. 1-1,1, 1.5,1.6 Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp.1 - Holon-pe. Longitudinal section. SampJe G5/5.2,3 - Longitudinai sections. Sample GO 1'1 A/1..+, 8, 1 4 - '1: Longitudinal scction; 8: longituclinal tangenti,rl ,rnd oblique section; 1,1: subequatorial section ol the meandrospiroid initial part. Sample G10/1.5,7,13,15, 16 - Paratypes. 5: Longitudinrl section; 7: Longitudìnal oblique sectìon; 13: equatoriai section of the meandrospiroid initial part; 15,16: tangential sections of the n-reandrospiroid inìtial part. SampJes G5lI,G5l9, G5/5, G5/9, G5/8- Longitudinal section. Sample G1O/2.- Longitudinal tangential and oblique section. Sample G9l1.- Oblique section. Sample G1O/3.- Longitudinal oblique sections. Samples G11Al2, GO 14A/12.PÌ.1 Neia species of Turriglomina3OOc\I482 D. Altimer. R. Rettori. L. Zaninetti G R. MartintRE,FE,RENCESAltiner D. (1991) - Microfossil, biostratigraphy (mainlyforaminifers) of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbon-ate successions in North-\lestern Anatolia (Turkey).Geologica Rom., 27 , 167 -273, Roma.Altiner D., Kocygit A., Farinacci 4., Nicosia U. & Conti A.(1991) - Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy andpaleogeographic evolution of the southern part ofNorth-lWestern Anatolia (Turkey). Geologica Rom., 27,13-80, Roma.Berczi-Makk A. (1993) - Turriglomina Zaninetti in Limongi etal. (Foraminifera) species in the Triassic formations,Aggtelek-Rudabanya Mts. (Northern Hungary). ActaGeol. Hungarica, 36, 297 -314, Budapest.Koehn-Zaninettt L. (1969) - Les Foraminifères du Trirs de laregion de I'Almtal (Haute-Autriche). Jb. Geol. Bunde-sanst. Sonderbd., 14, 155p, \X/ien.Limongi P, Panzanelli-Fratoni R., Ciarapica G., Birilli S., Mar-tini R. & Salvini-Bonnard G. (1987) - TurriglominaZantnettr, n. gen., un noveau nom pour uTurritellella"mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti, 1968 (Foraminifère, TriasMoyen) Arc. Sc. Genèae, 40 (1),13-22.Loeblich A.R. & Tappan H. (1987) - Foraminiferal genera andtheir classification. Van Nostrand ReinhoÌd CompanyInc., New York.Martini R., Rettori R., Urosevic D. & Zaninetti L. (1995) - Legenre Piallina Rettori & Zaninetti (Foraminifère) dansdes calcaires à turriglomines du Trias (Carnien) de Ser-bie orientale (Domaìne Carpatho-Balkanique). Rez.Paléobiol., 14 (2), 411-415, Genève.Rettori R. (1995) - Foraminiferi del Trias inferiore e mediodella Tetide: revisione tassonomica, stratigrafia ed inter-pretazione filogenetica. Publ. Dép. De Géol. et Paléont.Genète, 1.8, 147 pp.Robaszynski F. & Caron M. (1995) - Foraminifères planc-toniques du Crétacé: commentaire de la zonationEurope-Méditerrranée. BuLl. Soc. Géol. France, 166(6),681-692, Paris.Sigal J. (952) - Apercu stratigraphique sur la micropaleon-tologie du Crétacé. Congr. Géol. Internat. XIX, Mono-gr. Régionales, Algiers, ser. 1 (Algeria),26, 17.IJrosevic D. (.1977) - Stratigraphic position of some Foraminifersin tiassic sediments of the Carpatho-Balkanides. ,4nn.Géol. Penins. Balk., 41, 227 -231, Beograd.Ztninetti L., Ciarapica G., Martini R. & Rettori R. (1990) -Paléoécologie des Turriglomines (Foraminifères) dans 1eTrias de 1' Apennin méridional (Bassin de Lagonegro)hahe. Archs. Sc. Genève. 4l{2). 295-J05 Genève.Zamnetti L., Ciarapica G., Martini R., Salvini-Bonnard G. &Rettori R. (1982) - Turriglomina scandonei, n. sp., dansles calcaires recifaux du Trirs moyen (Ladinien) enApennin méridional. Rea. Paléobiol., 6(2), 1,77-182,Genève.

TURRIGLOMINA? ANATOLICA, N. SP. (FORAMINIFERIDA) FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF NORTH-WESTERN ANATOLIA (TURKEY): REMARKS ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE MESOZOIC MEANDROSPIRIDS

A new species of foraminifer, Turriglomina? anatolica n. sp., is erected from the Lower Cretaceous of North-Western Anatolia, Turkey. The species is characterized by a well developed meandrospirid stage followed by a rectilinear, helicoidal stage. The morphology of the new taxon is similar to that of the Triassic genus Turriglomina zaninetti, however, the generic attribution is doubtful as the evolutionary path of meandrospirids is not documented from Triassic to Cretaceous

TURRIGLOMINA? ANATOLICA, N. SP. (FORAMINIFERIDA) FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF NORTH-WESTERN ANATOLIA (TURKEY): REMARKS ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE MESOZOIC MEANDROSPIRIDS

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