PENGARUH URBAN COMPACTNESS TERHADAP POLA PERGERAKAN PENDUDUK KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Abstract

Traffic jam is one of negative impact from population movement to the center of city. It happens because there is a big dependence to the public facilities in the city center. Compact city concept through development with high density, mix use, addition of urban facilities, and provision of public transport, is considered able to overcome the inefficiency of population movements. This research is aimed to know the effect of urban compactness to the travel pattern (distance of district`s outgoing movement, and transportation modes utilization) of Yogyakarta resident. This research is carried at Danurejan, and Umbulharjo districts. Location has been determined by the lowest, and highest urban compactness index at Yogyakarta Research`s method is deductive quantitative, and its analysis are hypothesis test, chi square, and univariat analysis on four movement`s goals (work, shopping, social, and study). This analysis is carried by using 90% level of confidence. Hypothesis test is carried to find out the average of distance in compact, and less compact area are same of different. Chi Square analysis is carried out to find out the correlation between compact area and travel`s distance, transportation modes utilization, and outgoing movement from district/area. Univariat analysis is carried out to find out the factors which influence to the movement of population. The data is collected by the primary and secondary survey methods. Primary survey is carried out by observation, and interview to 200 correspondents at Danurejan, and Umbulharjo districts. Based on the results of the analysis, compact area can reduce 10,25% district`s outgoing movement, and 10,25% environmental inhospitable vehicles utilization. In the details of each destination, compact area can not reduce all of Yogyakarta resident`s destination. Compact area is less effective in suppressing the population movement with work, and education movement`s goal. Urban compactness only affects to population movement`s pattern social, and shopping. Therefore, it can be concluded that the more compact an area, the shorter the distance of the movement, the less district`s outgoing population movement, and the less utilization of environmental inhospitable vehicles. Keywords: Urban Compactness, Movement Pattern, Movement Distance, Transportation Mode, District`s Outgoing Movement