PENGEMBANGAN DAN UJI KINERJA PIROLISATOR SEDERHANA UNTUK PEMBUATAN ARANG DARI BEBERAPA MACAM BIOMASSA

Abstract

Energy needed in various sectors in Indonesia has increased in line with population and the national economy growth. During these time energy sources used in Indonesia is mostly stillof non-renewable energy resources,such as fuel oil . This can lead to high subsidy to be incurred by the government if oil prices surge as the current price reached 110 U.S.$/barrel. One step that can be done to overcome these problems is the utilization of alternative energy resources, especially renewable energyresources such as biomass energy. Energy utilization of biomass pyrolysis is such a way that the combustion process is done with little or no presence of oxygen . This study aims to make charcoal from several kinds of biomass with different characteristics , namely coconut shell, pine wood and rice husk. Charcoal is made through the pyrolysis process done with combustion temperatures over 200 °C for 3 hours. The materials used are 7 kg of coconut shell, 7 kg of pine wood and 3 kg of rice husk. The apparatus used for pyrolysis is pyrolysis reactor. At this pyrolysis process,biomass components,namely cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin, undergo decomposition and produce three substances in the form of liquids, gases and solids in the form of charcoal . Results from the combustion of biomass pyrolysis using simple pyrolisator produce charcoal that are from coconut shells produce charcoal of 18.29%-19.43%, from pine wood produce charcoal of 12.57% - 13.71%, from rice husk produce charcoal of 28.33% - 33.67%. The calorific values of the biomass obtained were 3,895 Kcal/g for coconut shell, 5.113 Kcal/g for coconut shell charcoal, 3.631 Kcal/g for pine wood, 6.785 Kcal/g for pine wood charcoal, 3.744 Kcal/g for rice husk and 4.342 Kcal/gfor rice husk charcoal. The calculated energy conversion efficiencieswere25.5 % for coconut shell, 23.49% for pinewood and 46.3% for rice husk