PURIFIKASI AIR DENGAN TENAGA MEKANIK UNTUK PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DALAM KEADAAN DARURAT

Abstract

Natural disasters always pose problems for humans and the environment. In the unusual natural conditions such as floods, devastating earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, clean water to its own problems for humans. The earthquake and tsunami in Aceh on 2004 and earthquake in Yogyakarta on 2006 is a really example of environmental damage caused by natural cause an emergency situation. The purpose of this research include generating appropriate technologies such as water purification equipment with mechanical energy to provide clean water in an emergency, produces environmentally friendly technologies as an effort to improve sustainable development. This study is divided into two phase, the first phase is the generation of electric power to drive the mini water pump. 12 Volt dynamo driven by a paddle wheel bike R.30, to fill accumulator 12 Volt DC after rectified with Diode Bridge 1 Ampere. Accumulator is used as the driving force of mini water pump after rectified using inverter 12 Volt DC-AC. The second phase is design and manufacture of water purification equipment. The first serves as a coagulation box has a filter Biofoam 4 cm. The second box serves as a chlorination by 4 cm Biofoam filter and charcoal, while the third has a filter Biofoam 4 cm and charcoal serves as a water tank. Coagulant dose ratio used 0.50 grams / liter alum, 0.1 grams / liter of limestone with a contact time of 1 hour, while the chlorination process using a dose of 0.05 grams / liter of chlorine. for 5 minutes. Sample data collected from several rivers flowing in the region of Yogyakarta province. The parameters tested include Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity (NTU), the content of iron (Fe), manganese content (Mn), Sulfate (SO4), Degree of acidity (pH) and Total Coliform. Results of samples tested at Health Laboratory Yogyakarta. Mechanical water purification technology can be used effectively for the provision of clean water in an emergency. Coagulant dose ratio of 0.50 gram / liter alum, 0.1 grams / liter of limestone and 0.05 grams / liter of chlorine can lower water levels on the parameters TSS (Total Suspended Solid), Turbidity (Ntu), Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), pH and Total Coliform in accordance with the water quality standards required