KAJIAN KONFLIK DI KAWASAN HUTAN KONSERVASI: STUDI KASUS TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK

Abstract

The following thesis titled �Conflict Analysis in Forest Conservation Area with a Case Study on Gunung Halimun Salak National Park� is aimed at investigating further the management of state forest which is marked by unresolved problems, in particular conflict around the forest areas. The appointment of TNGHS as conservation area through the decree of Forestry Minister number 175/2003, in conventional conflict studies terms, has caused conflict escalation, vertically between the government (which is represented by the Ministry of Forestry) and local society. This research explores the root of conflict in TNGHS in general and the case of �villa liar� in the area of Gunung Salak Endah, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, which is widely known as LokaPurna (Lokasi Purnawirawan). The research focuses on two types of society, namely the local society (those who live in local villages) and public figures. The goal is to comprehend the differences in conflict patterns and resolution efforts, applied by the Ministry of Forestry on the two different societies. It is argued that treatments toward �perambahan� (those who occupy forest areas) vary according to the types of occupiers. Based on Simon Fisher�s theory the author finds a clear differences in the way the Ministry approaches and treats the so-called �perambahan hutan�. Even though the existing law on forestry strictly mentions a non-discriminative principle in law enforcement against offences on state forest areas, the case of �villa liar� demonstrates how the presence of public figures in this kind of conflict significantly affects conflict pattern and its type of resolution. By using qualitative method, the author concludes that the complexity of forest management in Indonesia is largely due to the lack of concern by the related state apparatus who also seems not to be well-prepared in dealing with problems such as different perception on the meaning of conservation, the scope of authority and authority between state institutions, and ownership claim as well as access to forest resources. This is added further by problems such as disparity in authority caused by new law on regional autonomy which has in practical terms cultivated sector egoism and disharmony both between central and regional governments and between various related state agencies. This thesis finds that the basic shortcoming is in the ability of government to communicate and socialize the virtue of conservation, which should be better taken as shared responsibility and be supported by each and every one in the society around the area. Dissemination of knowledge and ethics on environment should be put into public discourse and reformulated into a shared understanding by multi-stakeholders