The hairy maggot blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) is native to Australia but has been spreading to a worldwide distribution and is becoming established in the United States. This paper presents the first documentation of the species in Indiana, specifically Valparaiso, Indiana. The species was found in September 2017 and again in October 2019. Its presence is variable in Northwest Indiana, but seems to be found in the fall when the temperatures are at least 30°C prior to collection

Bailey, Raenah

Bugajski, Kristi

English

Valparaiso University

The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 53 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2020 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2020 Article 10 First Record of the Hairy Maggot Blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Indiana Kristi Bugajski Valparaiso University, kristi.bugajski@valpo.edu Raenah Bailey Valparaiso University, raenah.bailey@valpo.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Bugajski, Kristi and Bailey, Raenah . "First Record of the Hairy Maggot Blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Indiana," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 53 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol53/iss1/10 This Scientific Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. First Record of the Hairy Maggot Blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Indiana Cover Page Footnote The authors wish to thank the biology department at Valparaiso University, Birky Family Farms, and the members of Team Maggot who helped with the research (Shelby Leucata, Monique LeDonne and Lauren Smith). This scientific note is available in The Great Lakes Entomologist: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol53/iss1/10 64 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 53, Nos. 1–2The hairy maggot blow fly, Chry-somya rufifacies (Macquart 1844) is native to Australia but has spread worldwide (Baumgartner 1993). It was first introduced to the Western Hemisphere in Costa Rica in 1978 (Baumgartner and Greenberg 1984). Since then, it has spread into North Amer-ica and has been documented in: Arizona (Baumgartner 1986), Arkansas (Meek et al. 1998), California (Greenberg 1988), Colo-rado (DeJong and Chadwick 1997), Florida (Mertins 1991), Illinois (Shahid et al. 2000), Louisiana (Martin et al. 1996), Michigan (Shahid et al. 2000), Nebraska (Figarola and Skoda 1998), New Mexico (Shahid et al. 2000), Oklahoma (Ahadizadeh et al. 2014), Ontario (Rosati and VanLaerhoven 2007), Tennessee (Shahid et al. 2000), Texas (Rich-ard and Aherns 1993), West Virginia (Joy and D’Avanzo 2007) and Wisconsin (Marche 2013). Theoretical distributions of C. rufifa-cies include Indiana (Whitworth 2006, Rosati and VanLaerhoven 2007, Jones et al. 2019), but were not actually documented. Only one other Chrysomya species is known in Indi-ana: Picard (2013) documented one female adult Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794), on chicken liver. This was the first record of a species of Chrysomya in the state, being collected in Indianapolis, Indiana, approximately 240 km south of Valparaiso, Indiana. The authors corresponded with Purdue Entomological Research Collection (PERC) personnel to ensure that there are no C. rufifacies voucher specimens from the state, and there are none. This paper presents the first documented C. rufifacies in Indiana.The field site where the collections occurred is located on Valparaiso Universi-ty’s campus in Valparaiso, Indiana (approx-imate coordinates, 41° 27´ 37.9´́  N, 87° 03´ 03.3´́  W). It has been used for decomposition studies using pigs as a carrion model, consis-tently in the summer and fall months since 2012. It is located in the clearing of a shady, wooded area in a remote part of campus. Research is conducted inside a metal dog kennel measuring 6.1 m 3 36.1 m 3 31.8 m to prevent predation.Third instar larvae of C. rufifacies were collected on 26 September 2017. During the time of year, it was unseasonably warm, with temperatures reaching up to 37 °C and with average temperatures of 26.55 °C. Average humidity ranged from 60–78%, and there was no precipitation during the period of corpse exposure. Other larval species of Cal-liphoridae collected in the same trial include Lucilia coeruleiviridis Macquart (1855), Lucilia sericata (Meigen 1826), Phormia regina (Meigen 1826), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (1830), and Calliphora vomitoria (Linneaus 1758).Identifications were made in the labo-ratory by Kristi Bugajski using Sukontason et al. (2008). The most distinguishing feature of C. rufifacies is a “hairy” appearance from distinct, elongated tubercles (Sukontason et al. 2008) (Fig. 1–2). This feature will help differentiate between C. rufifacies and C. megacephala. In addition to the tubercles, C. rufifacies has an incomplete and heavily pigmented peritreme with the middle slit being slightly bent (Sukontason et al. 2008). Adults of the two congeners can be separated using Whitworth’s (2006) key.The species was collected for a second time on 5 October 2019. Third instar larvae First Record of the Hairy Maggot Blow Fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in IndianaKristi Bugajski*, PhD and Raenah Bailey1610 Campus Drive East, Valparaiso University. Valparaiso, IN 46383.* Corresponding author: (e-mail: Kristi.Bugajski@valpo.edu).AbstractThe hairy maggot blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart 1844; Diptera: Calliph-oridae) is native to Australia but has been spreading to a worldwide distribution and has become established in the United States. This paper presents the first documentation of the species in Indiana, specifically in Valparaiso, Indiana. The species was found in September 2017 and again in October 2019. Its presence is variable in Northwest Indiana, but it seems to be found in the fall when the temperatures are at least 30°C prior to collection.Key Words: Hairy maggot, Chrysomya rufifacies, Indiana1Bugajski and Bailey: First Record of Chrysomya rufifacies in  IndianaPublished by ValpoScholar,2020 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 65were found on one of six pigs that were placed in the field on 1 October 2019. At the start of the trial, temperatures were above average, reaching 31.5 °C on the day of placement, which is consistent with when the species was previously found. Despite higher tem-peratures of up to 34 °C in September 2018, no specimens were found. They were also not found in 2019 prior to October.The timing of the first collections of Chrysomya species, as reported in the lit-erature, looks consistent in the Midwestern states and Canada. Chrysomya rufifacies were collected in Wisconsin on 2–3 October 2012 by Marche (2013). Rosati and VanLaer-hoven (2007) found C. rufifacies in Windsor, Ontario on 7 October 2004. Likewise, Picard (2013) found the congener C. megacephala in Indiana on 24 September 2012.One of the concerns about the non-na-tive C. rufifacies is that it will outcompete native calliphorids, in particular Cochliomy-ia macellaria (Fabricius 1775) (Baumgartner 1993). However, if the current trend of only seeing C. rufifacies in the fall months contin-ues, this will not have a large impact on the species composition in northwestern Indiana because C. macellaria is a warm-weather species that is not typically found in the fall. In eight years of research, C. macellaria has Figure 1. Three third instar Chrysomya rufi-facies collected from Valparaiso, Indiana on 26 September 2017.Figure 2. Close up of the posterior end of a third instar Chrysomya rufifacies collected from Valparaiso, Indiana on 26 September 2017.2The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 53, No. 1 [], Art. 10https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol53/iss1/1066 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 53, Nos. 1–2never been found in the fall months at this field site.Chrysomya are warm-weather species, and it is probable that these distribution records are from migrating populations that are established in the southern states (Rosati and VanLaerhoven 2007). Rosati and VanLaerhoven (2007) provided maps with a projected range for C. rufifacies based on climate change trends that included most of the United States. This paper confirms their predictions that the species would be found in Indiana. This paper documents the first confirmation of C. rufifacies in the state, specifically Northwest Indiana. The authors suspect that it is present in other parts of the state if the conditions are adequate.AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank the biology department at Valparaiso University, Birky Family Farms, Dr. Jeffrey Holland, and the PERC and the members of Team Maggot who helped with the research (Shelby Leucata, Monique LeDonne, and Lauren Smith).Literature CitedAhadizadeh, E.N., H.R. Ketchum, and P.R. Mathews. 2014. New geographic record of the hairy maggot blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies, in Oklahoma. Southwestern En-tomologist 39 (1): 191–192.Baumgartner, D.L. 1986. The hairy maggot blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies confirmed in Arizona. Journal of Entomological Science 21: 130–132.Baumgartner, D.L. 1993. Review of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Journal of Medical Entomology 30 (2): 338–352.Baumgartner D.L., and B. Greenberg. 1984. The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphori-dae) in the New World. Journal of Medical Entomology 21: 105–113.DeJong, G.D., and J.W. Chadwick. 1997. Ad-ditional county records and a correction to the checklist of the Calliphoridae (Diptera) of Colorado, with a new state record for Chrysomya rufifacies. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 70 (1): 47–51.Fabricius, J.C. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descrip-tionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria, Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae. 832 pp.Fabricius, J.C. 1794. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Tomus quartus. C. G. Proft, Fil. Et Soc., Hafniae [= Copenhagen]. 472 pp.Figarola, J.L.M., and S.R. Skoda. 1998. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Nebraska. Journal of En-tomological Science 33: 319–321.Greenberg, B. 1988. Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) collected in North America and notes on Chrysomya species present in the New World. Journal of Medical Entomology 25: 199–200.Jones, N., T. Whitworth, and S.A. Marshall. 2019. Blow flies of North America: Keys to the subfamilies and genera of Calliphoridae, and to the species of the subfamilies Calliphori-nae, Luciliinae, and Chrysomyinae. Canadi-an Journal of Arthropod Identification 1–191.Joy, J.E., and V.A. D’Avanzo. 2007. Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from West Virginia. Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science 63–66.Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Tomus I. Editio decima, refor-mata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 pp.Macquart, J. 1844. Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. . [Tome deuxième, 3.e par-tie.]. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille. 1842: 162–460.Macquart, J. 1855. Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 5.e supplément. Mémoires de la Société royale des Sciences, de l’Agricul-ture et des Arts, de Lille, 2. Série 1: 25–156.Marche, J.D. 2013. First Record of Chrysomya ru-fifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Wisconsin. 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First Record of the Hairy Maggot Blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Indiana

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First Record of the Hairy Maggot Blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Indiana

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