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Evaluating ENSO teleconnections using observations and CMIP5 models
Authors
A Capotondi
A Chen
+55 more
A Hannachi
AG Turner
AH Monahan
AJ Charlton-Perez
Alexandre S. Gagnon
AM Grimm
AS Taschetto
BM Hegyi
CWJ Chang
Devendraa Siingh
DP Schneider
F Xie
H Annamalai
H Bellenger
H Ding
H Gong
H Gong
H Graf
H Weng
H Weng
H-J Song
H-Y Kao
I Polo
I Roy
I Roy
I Roy
I Zubiaurre
Indrani Roy
J Feng
J Feng
J Lloyd
J-S Kug
J-Y Yu
J-Y Yu
JL Dufresne
JN Brown
K Ashok
KE Taylor
KJ Hill
M Ohba
MA Bollasina
MM Hurwitz
MM Hurwitz
NA Rayner
NCA Jourdain
P Amita
PL Meyer
RG Tedeschi
S An II
ST Kim
W Cai
Y-Y Ham
Y-Y Ham
YM Okumura
YM Okumura
Publication date
2 July 2018
Publisher
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
Doi
Cite
Abstract
Bias correction of global and regional climate models is essential for credible climate change projections. This study examines the bias of the models of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in their simulation of the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SSTs) in different phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their teleconnections—highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the models in different oceanic sectors. The comparison between the model outputs and the observations focused on the following three features: (i) the typical horseshoe pattern seen in the Pacific Ocean during ENSO events with anomalies in SSTs opposite to the warm/cool tongue, (ii) different signature in the tropical Pacific Ocean from that of the North and tropical Atlantic Ocean, and (iii) spurious signature in the southern hemisphere beyond 45° S. Using these three cases, it was found that the model simulations poorly matched the observations, indicating that more attention is needed on the tropical/extratropical teleconnections associated with ENSO. More importantly, the observed SST coupling between the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean is missing in almost all models, and differentiating the models between high/low top did not improve the results. It also found that SSTs in the tropical Pacific Ocean are relatively well simulated when compared with observation. This work has improved our understanding of the simulation of ENSO and its teleconnections in the CMIP5 models and has raised awareness of the bias existing in the models, which requires further attention by climate modellers. © 2018 The Author(s
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