Abstract: For many years, at the competitive examination, Yazd province students have the highest acceptance rate to enter university. The attention to knowledge management and its impact in the creation of an intangible capital type (but vital) called intellectual investment among employees and institutional managers responsible to educate are an indispensable necessity in the education department of Yazd province. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of intellectual capital on knowledge management with the interceding role of organizational commitment in the General Office of Education in Yazd province, Iran. The results showed that intellectual capital affects knowledge management and intellectual capital is imperative for organizational commitment. Organizational commitment influences knowledge management. Organizational commitment has a significant positive mediation effect in the influencing of intellectual capital on knowledge management.Key Words: intellectual capital, knowledge management, organizational commitment, knowledge creation, knowledge sharingAbstrak: Bertahun-tahun, pada ujian kompetitif, siswa provinsi Yazd memiliki tingkat penerimaan tertinggi untuk masuk ke universitas. Perhatian terhadap manajemen pengetahuan dan dampaknya dalam penciptaan modal tidak berwujud (tetapi vital) yang disebut investasi intelektual di antara karyawan dan manajer institusional yang bertanggung jawab untuk mendidik adalah kebutuhan yang sangat diperlukan di departemen pendidikan provinsi Yazd. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menyelidiki efek modal intelektual pada manajemen pengetahuan dengan peran menjadi perantara komitmen organisasi di Departemen Pendidikan provinsi Yazd, Iran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal intelektual mempengaruhi manajemen pengetahuan dan modal intelektual sangat penting untuk komitmen organisasi. Komitmen organisasi mempengaruhi manajemen pengetahuan. Komitmen organisasi memiliki efek mediasi positif yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi modal intelektual pada manajemen pengetahuan.Kata kunci: modal intelektual, manajemen pengetahuan, komitmen organisasi, penciptaan pengetahuan, penyebaran pengetahua

Golafshani, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini

Malayeri, Forough Amir

English

Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora

Golafshani, Malayeri–The Effect of Intellectual Capital.....8585 Article received 21/3/2018; Approved 27/5/2018Jurnal Pendidikan HumanioraVolume 6, Number 2, June 2018, pp. 85–90Available online at http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/jphpISSN: 2338-8110/eISSN: 2442-3890The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Managementwith the Mediating Role of Organizational CommitmentSeyed Ahmad Hosseini Golafshani*, Forough Amir MalayeriDepartment of Management, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Islamic Azad UniversityNo. 223, Headquarter of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, ZIP area 11, Azarshahr Street, NorthIranshahr Street, Karimkhan-e-Zand Avenue, Tehran 1584743311, Iran. E-mail: h.golafshani70@gmail.com*Abstract: For many years, at the competitive examination, Yazd province students have the highest ac-ceptance rate to enter university. The attention to knowledge management and its impact in the creationof an intangible capital type (but vital) called intellectual investment among employees and institutionalmanagers responsible to educate are an indispensable necessity in the education department of Yazdprovince. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of in-tellectual capital on knowledge management with the interceding role of organizational commitment inthe General Office of Education in Yazd province, Iran. The results showed that intellectual capital af-fects knowledge management and intellectual capital is imperative for organizational commitment. Or-ganizational commitment influences knowledge management. Organizational commitment has a signifi-cant positive mediation effect in the influencing of intellectual capital on knowledge management.Key Words: intellectual capital, knowledge management, organizational commitment, knowledgecreation, knowledge sharingAbstrak: Bertahun-tahun, pada ujian kompetitif, siswa provinsi Yazd memiliki tingkat penerimaan terting-gi untuk masuk ke universitas. Perhatian terhadap manajemen pengetahuan dan dampaknya dalampenciptaan modal tidak berwujud (tetapi vital) yang disebut investasi intelektual di antara karyawandan manajer institusional yang bertanggung jawab untuk mendidik adalah kebutuhan yang sangat di-perlukan di departemen pendidikan provinsi Yazd. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menyelidiki efekmodal intelektual pada manajemen pengetahuan dengan peran menjadi perantara komitmen organisasidi Departemen Pendidikan provinsi Yazd, Iran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal intelektualmempengaruhi manajemen pengetahuan dan modal intelektual sangat penting untuk komitmen organisa-si. Komitmen organisasi mempengaruhi manajemen pengetahuan. Komitmen organisasi memiliki efekmediasi positif yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi modal intelektual pada manajemen pengetahuan.Kata kunci: modal intelektual, manajemen pengetahuan, komitmen organisasi, penciptaan pengetahuan,penyebaran pengetahuanINTRODUCTIONKnowledge management is a process that identifies,organizes, transfers, and correctly utilizes the internalinformation and experience of the organization. Today,knowledge is the most important asset of organiza-tions. Therefore, knowledge management is a chal-lenge for discovery of individual knowledge and Trans-forming it into an information subject matter so that itcan be stored in databases, exchanged with othersand used in the process of routine works (Arvin et al.,2014).We know that every year in the entire budget ofthe country, large sums of money allotted to the educa-tion of students, and a great deal of expenses are spenton in-service training of teachers, mentors and stuffof education throughout the country. Yazd provinces,with the assistance of the school’s charity that paysthe funds for the development and improvement ofeducational facilities and spaces of schools in the coun-try have a good position. On opposite, one of the prob-lems that has always existed in our educational systemand consequently, the entire education departmentsas the custodian of education each province has in-86  JURNAL PENDIDIKAN HUMANIORA, pp. 85–90Volume 6, Number 2, June 2018volved, is  a good record of creating knowledge amongstaff, teachers and students with suitable and accepta-ble output. This positive function could lead to scientificand economic mutations in the province and as suchin the country (Samadi et al., 2009).Organizational commitment means the degree ofpsychological replication or adherence to the organiza-tion we work for which. Organizational commitmenthas the following components: accepting the valuesand goals of the organization, the desire of affordingfor an organization and having a strong desire to contin-uously stay in the organization (Modi, Porter, & Steers,2013). There are many reasons why an organizationshould increase the level of its organizational commit-ment of members (Steers & Porter, 1974). Intellectualcapital provides organizations with a great deal of or-ganizational value diversification. For example, gener-ating profits, determining strategies, innovating, reduc-ing costs, improving productivity, and more. Intellectualcapital management is critical to the long-term successof educational systems. The present research seeksto find an answer to the inadequacy of knowledgecreated in the organization and to integrate this knowl-edge and complete the knowledge management cycle.In addition, in this research, we have tried to investigatethe relationship between knowledge management(Ghayouri et al., 2012) and intellectual capital (Bontis,1998; Nazem & Matlabi, 2011; Zagal & Mull, 2010),which has three dimensions of human capital, structuralcapital, and relationship capital.Organizational commitment sets the term of com-mitment as conscientious, work ethics, willingness andaccountability. Guitam (2004) considers organizationalcommitment as the attitude or orientation of an organi-zation’s relationship that links an individual’s identitywith the relevant organization. In addition, Mayer(2001) defines the commitment as willingness of indi-viduals to spend on energy and their loyalty to the so-cial system. In a study titled “Creating OrganizationalCommitment in the Public Sector,” the two dimensionsof employees’ commitment in a government organiza-tion, namely, its effectiveness and continuity, were re-viewed. The findings of this study confirmed the multi-dimensional nature of the motivations and organization-al commitment of public sector employees. Additionally,the empirical results obtained supported the importanceof the organizational commitment effect of employeesto government agencies (Akhavan et al., 2006).Considering the theoretical foundations of the re-search and the proposed models, the research hypothe-ses are as follows (Figure 1). (1) Intellectual capitalaffects knowledge management. (2) Intellectual capi-tal affects organizational commitment. (3) Organiza-tional commitment influences knowledge management.(4) Organizational commitment has a significant posi-tive mediation effect on the impact of intellectual capitalon knowledge management.Fratti et al. (1394), in a study on this fundamentalissue, investigated the effect of knowledge manage-ment on human capital development. The results ofthe research showed that knowledge managementmeasures have a significant and positive effect on allinvestigated dimensions of human capital. In addition,they researched that effective implementation ofknowledge management activities in organization leadsto further development of human capital in which or-ganization. Lee (2009) explores on the title of “globaleconomic crisis in years 2008-2009 and its relation tothe creation of intellectual capital”. This research’sresults showed that the cases should be determinedare the scope of this effect, the identification of thosecases specially affected and the regulation of scientificFigure 1. Conceptual Research Model Golafshani, Malayeri–The Effect of Intellectual Capital.....87and political observations related to controlling the ex-isting turmoil in the path of creating and disseminatingintellectual capital. Researches on the early evidenceof the global economic crisis cycle in 2007-2009 andthe process of creating intellectual capital reflect theharshness of reporting on both groups of intellectualcapital based on a momentary stock valuations process.The use of these intellectual capitals in predicting eco-nomic shocks is a question and its cause is conceptualand practical reasons.Edwinson (1997) explored the global progress ofintellectual capital. His findings showed that the capac-ity of the knowledge management process increasesthe effectiveness of the organization, in which humancapital also has had a considerable impact on the per-formance of the organization. In a research on therole of intellectual capital of organizations in knowledgemanagement revealed that there is a significant rela-tionship between organizational intellectual capital andknowledge management, which theses dimensions inaddition to having deep relationship with each other,plays a major role in organizational knowledge manage-ment (Bontis, 2001).METHODThe present research is extensive study in termsof the applied, collecting method of descriptive survey-ing information, time, cross-sectional and depth ofwork. In this study, tools such a questionnaire wereused to collect information. To obtain data used threequestionnaires of knowledge management (Josh Para,2004), intellectual capital and organizational commit-ment. In this research, 83% of Cronbach’s alpha usedto verify the reliability of the structures. In the presentstudy, the population under study is all employees ofthe General Directorate of Education in Yazd province,which are over 220 in the sampling period. Samplingin this research is simple random, because the numberof employees is clear and here the community formulais limited to measure the number of samples used.The community considered in this research is the totalstaff and managers and was used the simple randomsampling method. To determine the sample volume,the general sample volume formula (Cochran formula)will be used, and according to the 220 population, theobtained sample volume is 140.RESULTSFor evaluating research hypotheses, the valuesof path coefficient and T statistic were used (Figure2 & 3). If the value of T statistic becomes outside therange of -1.96 to 1.96, means that this hypothesis isaccepted with the p-value of 95 percent.DISCUSSIONInvestigation on Intellectual Capital Effectson Knowledge ManagementAccording to Table 1, statistical significance be-tween intellectual capital and knowledge managementis 20.56, which is greater than 1.96 and shows thatFigure 2. T-Value Numbers of Research Structural Model88  JURNAL PENDIDIKAN HUMANIORA, pp. 85–90Volume 6, Number 2, June 2018the relation between intellectual capital and knowledgemanagement is statistically significant in 95% confi-dence level. In addition, path coefficient between thesetwo variables is 0.56 and shows the positive effective-ness of intellectual capital variable on organizationalparadigm. In other words, with a unit of change in in-tellectual capital, we see a 56-unit increase in knowl-edge management and this means that intellectual capi-tal is effective on knowledge management. So thesecond hypothesis of research is confirmed.Investigation on Intellectual Capital onOrganizational CommitmentAccording to Table 1, statistical significance be-tween intellectual capital and organizational commit-ment is 22.96 that is greater than 1.96 and shows thatthe relation between intellectual capital and organiza-tional commitment is statistically significant in 95%confidence level. Also path coefficient between these2 variables is 0.96 and shows the positive effectivenessof intellectual capital variable on organizational com-mitment. In other words, with a unit of change in intel-lectual capital, we see 0.96-unit increase in organiza-tional paradigm and this means that intellectual capitalis effective on organizational commitment. The secondhypothesis of research is confirmed.The Effect of Organizational Commitment onKnowledge ManagementAccording to Table 1, statistical significance be-tween organizational commitment and knowledgemanagement is 22.62, which is greater than 1.96 andshows that the relation between organizational commit-ment and knowledge management is statistically signifi-cant in 95% confidence level. Also path coefficientbetween these 2 variables is 0.62 and shows the posi-tive effectiveness of organizational commitment varia-ble on knowledge management. in other words, witha unit of change in organizational commitment, wesee 0.62-unit increase in knowledge management andthis means that intellectual capital is effective onknowledge management. The second hypothesis ofresearch is confirmed.Figure 3. Standard Estimation Coefficients of Research Structural ModelTable 1. Obtained Results from Structural Model EvaluationHypothesis Path Path coefficient ߚ T-value number Exam results From variable To variable 1 Intellectual capital Knowledge management 0.56 20.56 Hypothesis confirmation 2 Intellectual capital Organizational paradigm 0.96 22.96 Hypothesis confirmation 3 Organizational paradigm Knowledge management 0.62 22.62 Hypothesis confirmation Golafshani, Malayeri–The Effect of Intellectual Capital.....89Investigation on Mediation Effect ofIntellectual Capital on KnowledgeManagementFor investigating mediation role of organizationalcommitment variable, structural equation outlets wereused. Direct effect, indirect effect and total effectbetween intellectual capitals on knowledge manage-ment are calculated in the Table 2.As it can be seen from Table 2 and Figure 1, thedirect effect of intellectual capital on knowledge man-agement is 0.58. The indirect effect of intellectual cap-ital variable on knowledge management is equal to0.144.To evaluate the mediation role of organizationalcommitment variable in the relationship between intel-lectual capital and knowledge management, Sobel testis used.Z-value = ܽ  ×ܾට൫ܾ2  × ܵ2ܽ൯+(ܽ2  × ܵ2ܾ) a: The value of the path coefficient between the inde-pendent variable and the mediator variableb: The value of the path coefficient between the me-diator variable and the dependent variableSa: The standard error of the path between the inde-pendent variable and the mediator variableSb: The standard error of the path between the me-diator variable and the dependent variableZ-value = 0.48 ×0.3ඥ(0.32  × 0.092)+(0.482  × 0.122) = 2.264 The results show that Z-value of the Sobel testis equal with 2.264, which is more than 1.96. Therefore,it can be stated that mediation effect of organizationalcommitment variable on the relationship between intel-lectual capital and knowledge management is mean-ingful at the significance level of 0.95; so, the fourthhypothesis of the research is confirmed.In addition to the Sobel test, the variance-account-ed-for (VAF) statistics are used to compute the magni-tude of the indirect effect through the intermediatevariable. This statistics is between 0 and 1, and thecloser the value of this statistics to 1, the stronger theimpact of the mediator variable. In fact, the variance-accounted-for (VAF) statistics determines the size ofthe indirect effect in relation to the total effect (indirecteffect/total effect).VAF =  ܽ  ×ܾ( ܽ  ×ܾ)+ܿ a: The value of the path coefficient between the inde-pendent variable and the mediator variableb: The value of the path coefficient between the me-diator variable and the dependent variablec: The value of the path coefficient between the inde-pendent variable and the dependent variableVAF =  0.48 ×0.3( 0.48 ×0.3)+0.58 = 0.574 The amount of VAF indicates that 57.4% of totaleffect of intellectual capital on knowledge managementis explained with the mediator variable of organization-al commitment. Therefore, because this value is closeto one, it shows the strong impact of the mediatorvariable of organizational commitment.CONCLUSIONIn addition, it mentioned that there is a meaningfulrelationship between intellectual capital and knowledgemanagement. In one hand, impact of the mediator vari-able of organizational commitment is strong and onthe other hand, relationship between intellectual capitaland knowledge management is meaningful. Therefore,it can be concluded that organizational commitmenthas partial mediation role in the relationship betweenintellectual capital and knowledge management.REFERENCESSamadi, A., Motie, Sh. (2005). Investigation the Relationshipbetween Intellectual Capital and Performance In-dicators of Zanjan: The First International Confer-ence on Intellectual Capital Management.Ghayouri, M., A., Mohammadi Zanjariani, D., & Nemat Alla,Z. (2012). Investigation into the Influence of Intellec-tual Capital on Performance as a Business Unit Per-formance Index. Journal of Financial AccountingResearch, 4(3).Table 2. Direct, Indirect, and Total Effect between Intellectual Capital and KnowledgeManagementPath  Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect From variable To variable  Intellectual capital Knowledge management 0.58 0.144 0.724 90  JURNAL PENDIDIKAN HUMANIORA, pp. 85–90Volume 6, Number 2, June 2018Forati, H., Jokar, A., Ben Yajal, F. (2014). Providing a modelfor evaluating the affecting factors on the positiveoral advertisment in management of urban economicEnterprises. Quarterly Journal of Geography andUrban Planning,  6(19), 143–160.Nazem, F., Matlobi, A. (2011). Presentation of the structuralpattern of intellectual capital based on organiza-tional learning at shahid beheshti university. Quar-terly Journal of New Approach in EducationalManagement, 2(5), 29–50.Akhavan, P., Jafari, M., & Fathian, M. (2006). Critical successfactors of knowledge management systems: a multi-case analysis. European Business Review, 18(2),97–113.Arvin, M., Akbari, M., & Moghimnejad, M. (2014). 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The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Management with the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

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The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Management with the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

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