The work is devoted to the possibility and prospects of the use of all-wheels drive articulated transport systems in the mining complex. A comparative analysis of the traditional methods of exporting minerals in open pit mining and the method of using active trailed elements are given. The trailer has a load factor several times higher than the same rate for mining dump trucks. The use of an active trailer makes it possible to reduce the mass of the tractor and trailer by almost 40 tons and increase the specific power of the road train. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Bazhenov, E. E.

Bazhenova, L. V.

Chernyshev, D. O.

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering

English

Electronic archive of the Ural State Forest Engineering University

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and EngineeringPAPER • OPEN ACCESSUse of Articulated Transport Systems in the Mining IndustryTo cite this article: E E Bazhenov et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 695 012001 View the article online for updates and enhancements.This content was downloaded from IP address 79.110.248.251 on 04/03/2020 at 05:58Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.Published under licence by IOP Publishing LtdAAEIOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 695 (2019) 012001IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1757-899X/695/1/0120011 USE OF ARTICULATED TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY  E E Bazhenov1, D O Chernyshev2.4 and L V Bazhenova3                       1 Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Baumanskaya second street, 5/1, Moscow, Russia 2 Ural State Forest Engineering University, Siberian highway 37, Ekaterinburg, Russia 3 Ural State University of Railway Transport, Kolmogorova street, 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia  4  den_is-best@mail.ru  Abstract. The work is devoted to the possibility and prospects of the use of all-wheels drive articulated transport systems in the mining complex. A comparative analysis of the traditional methods of exporting minerals in open pit mining and the method of using active trailed elements are given. The trailer has a load factor several times higher than the same rate for mining dump trucks. The use of an active trailer makes it possible to reduce the mass of the tractor and trailer by almost 40 tons and increase the specific power of the road train.  1. Introduction The use of all-wheel drive transport systems based on the activation of the trailer and the use of articulated transport and technological machines is one of the promising directions in solving many problems arising from the operation of transport and technological complexes in winter roads, dirt roads during the muddy season and in other specific conditions [3] The concept of “articulated transport system” (ATS) is very broad and includes a whole range of machines that have at least two sections connected by a hinge with one or more degrees of freedom. As a special, but rather widespread, case of ATS, road trains with active trailers or active ATS (AATS) should be considered. The use of AATS and ATS in the sectors of the mining complex, agriculture, as well as in the sectors of the forest, oil and gas complexes and other raw material sectors of the economy makes it possible to create a wide range of technological and transport systems. The problem of improving the operational properties of transport systems is one of the main in mechanical engineering, the solution of which should be carried out in various directions: increasing productivity, improving economic and environmental indicators, increasing operational reliability, improving and automating transport control systems, and a whole range of other theoretical and experimental focus [1,2]  2. Theoretical part Let us analyze traditional transport systems operating in open pit mining. As a rule, BelAZ family dump trucks are used as a transport unit. As the main comparative characteristics, we take the following: - Qv – carrying capacity, kN; - Gv – own weight of the vehicle, kN; - N – engine power, кВт; - k – factor carrying capacity.                                                                         vvGQk                                                                         (1) AAEIOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 695 (2019) 012001IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1757-899X/695/1/0120012Table 1. Comparative characteristics of dump trucks  Car model and make Qv, kN Gv, kN N, kW k BelAZ - 548A BelAZ – 549 BelAZ - 75214 MAZ- 5335 KamAZ – 55102 MAZ - 75165 400  750 1800 80 70 245 288  669,8 1570 67,25 90,75 223,5 367,7  772  1 691  132,4  154  346 1,4 1,2 1,15 1,19 0,77 1,1  An analysis of the technical characteristics in table 1 shows that BelAZ dump trucks are no exception among other trucks in terms of load capacity.  AATS means at least two sections, one of which carries a technological function. The trailer link in the composition of the road train is a section that carries a technological function [4,5,6] Consider the characteristics of heavy-duty trailers manufactured by the industry. Options for comparison: - make and model of the base tractor; - QTr – carrying capacity trailer, kN; - GTr – own weight trailer, kN; - kTr – factor carrying capacity trailer; - N – base tractor engine power, kW; - QT – carrying capacity tractor, kN; - GT – total base tractor weight, kN; - kat – ratio of full load trailer weight to full tractor weight.  The coefficient of the load capacity of the trailer is determined similarly to the coefficient of the load capacity of dump trucks. To compare the ratio of the total weight of the trailer and the tractor, we introduce the concept of the coefficient of the total mass of the road train kat. The coefficient of the total mass of the road train will be determined as the ratio of the total weight of the trailer to the full weight of the tractor:                                                                TTTrTratQGQGk                                                                     (2) The results of the analysis are shown in table 2.  Table 2. Comparative characteristics of the trailer  Trailer brand QTr, kN GTr, kN kTr Base tractor N, kW GT, kN kat MAZ – 8378 CMZAP-5523 CMZAP -5208 CMZAP -5212 145 250 400 600 55 67,5 109 139 2,64 3,7 3,67 4,32 MAZ – 5335 KrAZ - 258 MAZ – 537P MAZ – 537P 132,4 176,5 525 525 147,3 192 440 440 1,36 1,65 1,16 1,68  An increase in the carrying capacity of a trailer increases its carrying capacity. This is due to an increase in the number of wheels. As can be seen from the data presented, regardless of the carrying capacity of the trailer, the coefficient of its carrying capacity and the type of tractor, the value of the coefficient of the total mass of road trains is in the range 1.3 - 1.7. The reason is that universal vehicles are used as tractors, designed both for transporting goods on a loading platform (cargo weight is considered in GT), and for towing trailers.    AAEIOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 695 (2019) 012001IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1757-899X/695/1/01200133. Experimental part If you determine the necessary weight of the traction link for the trailer CMZAP-5212 according to the conditions of adhesion of the wheels to the ground, then it turns out to be 23.4 kN, which corresponds to its own weight MAZ - 537P. Let us consider the possibility of creating an articulated transport system with a heavy-duty trailer link and a traction link corresponding to it in terms of coupling capabilities [9,10] As an analogue of the load capacity, we take a dump truck BelAZ - 75214 from table 1 and a load coefficient of a heavy trailer kTr = 4 from table 2. Determination of the total weight of the trailer. Carrying capacity trailer: QTr = 1 800 kN. Own weight trailer:                                                           45041800TrTrTrkQG  kN                                                   (3) Total trailer weight:                                                   GTtw = QTr + GTr = 1 800 + 450 = 2 250 kN                                       (4)  Determination of the force required to tow a loaded trailer. Road conditions in open pit mining: - rolling resistance coefficient, f = 0,02; - steering bias, i = 7 – 10 % (corresponds to the angle of rise α ≈ 60); - operating speed of the transport system, v = 10 km/h = 2,78 m/s. The strength of the total resistance to the movement of the trailer:                                                          )sincos(   fGP TtwTtw                                                   (5)                                              05,436)174,099,002,0(2250 TtwP  kN                                (6) For uniform rectilinear movement, a force must be applied to the towing device of the trailer (Pkr), equal to the strength of the total resistance to movement:                                                                          Pkr = PψTtw                                                                    (7) Determination of the power spent on towing a trailer:                                                                       NTtw = PTtw· v                                                                  (8) where NTtw – trailer towing power, kW.                                                         NTtw = 436,05·2,78 ≈ 1212,3 kW                                                 (9) Determination of tractor engine power:                                                                        tTtweNN                                                                  (10) where Ne – tractor engine power, kW; ηt ≈0,8 – transmission efficiency.                                                            25,15158,02,1212eN  kW                                                 (11) Taking into account the power reserve for overcoming unforeseen resistances, the effective engine power should be taken 8 - 10% higher than the calculated:                                                              Nef = Ne  + 10 % = 1668 kW                                                 (12) The calculated power corresponds to the engine power of the dump truck BelAZ - 75214. Choose the weight of the tractor from the condition of lack of slipping of the drive wheels. The condition of the movement of the transport system in the absence of slipping of the wheels:                                                                              Pt ≤ Рφ                                                                                                           (13) where Рt – tangential traction on tractor wheels, kN; Рφ – traction force of wheels with soil (traction force on coupling), kN. AAEIOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 695 (2019) 012001IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1757-899X/695/1/0120014                                                                           Рφ = Gφ · φ                                                               (14) where Gφ – coupling load of the tractor (weight per drive wheel), kN; φ = 0,6 - 0,7 – coefficient of coupling for open cast mining. For full drive systems:                                                                              Gφ = GT                                                                  (15) Accept the boundary condition for coupling:                                                                                Pt = Рφ                                                                   (16) To be able to tow a trailer, it is necessary that the tangential traction force Pt be not less than the total force of resistance to the movement of the trailer:                                                                         Рt = PψTtw= Рkr                                                             (17) where Рkr – traction force on the hook of the tractor. Then, in view of the above:                                                              7276,005,436TtwTPG  kN                                          (18)  4. Results of the experiment and their analysis Compare the existing dump truck with a carrying capacity of 1800 kN with the projected weight indicators: BelAZ – 75214: own weight, kN - 1570; factor carrying capacity - 1,15. Projected: trailer weight, kN – 450; tractor weight, kN – 727; total weight, kN - 1177; factor carrying capacity – 3,09. Weight difference, kN  – 393. That is, the movement of cargo is carried out by a transport system having its own weight 25% less than the base.  5. Conclusion As indicated earlier, the weight of the tractor is selected for reasons of lack of slipping of the drive wheels. Having reduced the traction force realized on the drive wheels, transferring part of the power to the trailer wheels (i.e., making them drive - AATS), the total traction force required for the movement of the ATS does not change. This allows you to reduce the weight of the tractor by an amount proportional to the power given to the trailer [7,8] Thus, based on the above calculations, it can be concluded that it is advisable to develop a set of machines for opencast mining on the basis of ATS and AATS.  References [1] Bazhenov EE, Golomidov SI and Yushkov AI 1985 Determination of the drive power of the active axle of trailers Exploitation of timber transport rolling stock: interuniversity. Sat. sci. tr. (Sverdlovsk) p 72-75  [2] Platonov VF 1989 All-wheel drive cars (Moscow: Mechanical Engineering) p 312 [3] Polungyan AA 2009 Design of all-wheel drive vehicles (Moscow: MSTU them. N.E. Bauman) p 488  [4] Bazhenov EE 2009 Articulated transport and technological systems (Ekaterinburg: USTU – UPI) p 174 [5] Bazhenov EE, Buynachev SK and Kruchinin IN 2010 Fundamentals of the theory of articulated transport systems (Yekaterinburg. UrFU) p 257   [6] Bazhenov EE 2010 Modular principle of modeling of articulated transport-technological systems Tractors and agricultural machinery (Ekaterinburg) p 20 [7] Bazhenov EE and Vlyukhin AV 2010 Application of articulated transport systems in the extractive industries of the national economy Truck: Scientific and Technical. magazine 4 (Moscow) p 34 AAEIOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 695 (2019) 012001IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1757-899X/695/1/0120015[8] Bazhenov EE 2010 Modular principle of the synthesis of transport and technological systems Izvestiya VUZov. The Volga region. Technical sciences 2 (Penza) p 79 [9] Dhir A and Sankar S 1997Analitical model for dynamic simulation of off-road Tracked Vehicles Vehicle system dynamics 27 (USA) p 37 [10] Watanabe K and Kitano M 1986 Study on streerability of articulated tracked vehicles Journal of Terramechanics 23 (USA) p 69  

Use of Articulated Transport Systems in the Mining Industry

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Use of Articulated Transport Systems in the Mining Industry

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