Hannah Arendt’s 1963 study “Eichmann in Jerusalem”, based on the former Nazi’s 1961 trial, broached two highly
controversial topics: The first was her theory of the banality of evil—the uncomfortable moral scenario that leads ordinary
individuals, for the most trivial and arbitrary reasons, to commit heinous atrocities; and the second was her fierce
condemnation of Jewish collaboration with the Nazis. This paper argues that the novelist Jonathan Littell’s critically
acclaimed best‐seller The Kindly Ones (2010) provocatively revalorizes and builds upon these two aspects of Arendt’s study:
Firstly, it posits her theory of banality as a challenge to the comforting presupposition that terrible evils can only be
committed by a minority of monstrous individuals, by suggesting instead that “normal” readers share the same capacity to
commit atrocities as Nazis such as Eichmann. Secondly, the novel nuances Arendt’s damning indictment of Jewish
collaboration by regarding it as the inevitable consequence of the terrible predicament faced by Jews at that time. Finally, the
paper concludes with Littell’s consideration of banality as a phenomenon that not only invites an uncomfortable moral
self‐analysis, but also legitimises a return to a justice system based on the ancient Greek model
