Institutional Conditions for National Technology Capabilities:
A Comparative Study of Technology Catch-up
in Korea and Japan
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Abstract
What determines technology capabilities and catch-up of countries? Why do the patterns,
speed and performance of innovation differ across countries? This thesis seeks to address
these questions by linking institutional, organisational and sectoral features of innovation
in Korea and Japan which are regarded as the most successful cases of technology catchup.
Despite the widespread recognition that innovators are susceptible to institutional
conditions and contextual influences, previous empirical studies have not used contextual
factors as determinants of innovation. On the other hand, institutional analysis of
innovation has addressed national diversity and historical patterns of change based on
thick description and qualitative evidence. This thesis provides a new way of explaining
the underlying of dynamics of innovation by empirically examining direct correlations
between country-specific institutional characteristics and technology capabilities and by
testing causal relationships between technology input and output. This thesis employs the
national innovation system (NIS) and the late industrialiser perspectives to perform three
sets of empirical analyses. The first indentifies key institutional and policy determinants
of national technology capabilities based on five sets of cross-sectional data, consisting of
37 high-income countries and 32 middle-income countries. The second examines specific
institutional conditions for causal relationships between technology input and output
based on time-series data of Korea and Japan. The third investigates technological catchup
occurrence, speed and performance to indentify productivity and technology gaps as
well as delaying and contributing factors. The findings of the thesis have significant
relevance to innovation strategy and policy of other catching-up countries in the process
of building indigenous technology capabilities