The focus of this paper is on rural non-farm livelihoods in economies in transition. The intended outputs of this study are (1) to improve understanding of the dynamics of the RNFE in providing employment and income diversification opportunities in Armenia, Georgia and Romania, and (2) to promote mechanisms for integrating research results into relevant policy processes. The empirical work presented in this report is primarily based on large (nation-wide) rural household surveys and other field-related research activities using a broad range of methodologies