Rabelo, Flávia Dias

de Oliveira, Amauri Pereira

Ferreira, Mauricio Jonas

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria: Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos da UFSM

                          VII Workshop Brasileiro de Micrometeorologia                                  39Diurnal and seasonal variation of surface sensible and latentheat fluxes in the city of São PauloFlávia Dias Rabelo, Amauri Pereira de Oliveira,Mauricio Jonas Ferreira Group of Micrometeorology, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, IAG USPe-mail: rabelo@model.iag.usp.brResumoNesse trabalho é apresentada a variação diurna e sazonal dos fluxosverticais turbulentos de calor sensível e latente na superfície representativa deuma área suburbana da Região Metropolitana da Cidade de São Paulo (RMSP).Os valores horários médios mensais dos fluxos turbulentos de calor sensível elatente foram determinados pelo método empírico do balanço de energia uti-lizando como referencia valores horários médios de temperatura e radiaçãolíquida observados na plataforma micrometeorológica do IAG da USP duran-te 2009. Medidas simultâneas de turbulência realizadas em maio e junho de2009 com um anemômetro sônico CSAT3 da Campbell e analisador de gás daLICOR permitiram estimar através do método da “eddy correlation” os fluxosde calor sensível e latente utilizados como referência na calibração do métododo balanço de energia.1. IntroductionThere are observational evidences that the metropolitan region ofSão Paulo City is capable to induce a Urban Heat Island (UHI) with maximumintensity varying from 2 oC to 6 oC  and occurring during daytime (Ferreira etal, 2011). The diurnal evolution of the anthropogenic energy flux in São Pauloindicated amplitude of about 20 W m-2. Therefore, UHI in São Paulo isassociated to the input of energy due to mainly solar radiation. To investigatethe process that determines the UHI in São Paulo it is important to estimatethe energy balance at the surface. Due to the heterogeneity of the urban canopyone of the most difficult terms of the energy balance are the turbulent fluxesof sensible and latent heat. Therefore, it is important to develop empiricalmethods that are capable to reproduce the observations. The most simple and40                                             Ciência e Natura Ed. Suplementar, UFSMphysically sound method is the energy balance method. In this work the energybalance method will be applied to estimate the turbulent fluxes of sensibleand latent heat in the RMSP. Direct estimates of the surface turbulent verticalfluxes using eddy covariance method was used to validate the empirical method.2. MethodologyIn this work the vertical turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heatare estimated using eddy correlation (Hammerle et al., 2007) and the empiricalmethod based on energy balance equation(de Bruin and Holtslag, 1983)3. ResultsIn the Figures 1 and 2 are shown the diurnal evolutions of sensibleand latent heat fluxes observed during the May and June 2009 obtained fromthe energy balance method considering the observed mean temperature andnet radiation and estimating the energy storage from the objective hysteresismethod with the coefficients from Ferreira (2010).4. AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the financial support provided by CNPqand Capes. We thank Prof. Humberto Rocha for kindly making the turbulencesensors available.5. BibliographyFerreira M.J., Oliveira A.P., Soares J., Codato G., Bárbaro E.W. andEscobedo J.F., 2011: Radiation balance at the surface in the City of SãoPaulo, Brazil. Diurnal and seasonal variations. Theor.Appl. Climatol. (DOI:10.1007/s00704-011-0480-2).de Bruin, H.A.R., 1983: A model for the Priestley-Taylor parameter a.J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol, 22, 572-578.Hammerle, A., Haslwanter, A., Schmitt, M., Bahn, M., Tappeiner, U.,Cernusca, A., Wohlfahrt, G., 2007: Eddy covariance measurements ofcarbon dioxide, latent and sensible energy fluxes above a meadow on amountain slope. Bound-Layer Meteorol. 122, 397–416.                          VII Workshop Brasileiro de Micrometeorologia                                  41Figure 1. Diurnal evolution of sensible and latent heat fluxes observed (Eddy correlation) andmodeled (Empirical) in the City of São Paulo.  For αPT =0.55 (daytime), αPT=1.0 (nighttime)and β =10 Wm-2. (a – top left) May, (b – top right) June; (c –bottom left) May; (d – bottom right) June.42                                             Ciência e Natura Ed. Suplementar, UFSMFigure 2. Seasonal variation H and LE for São Paulo City, corresponding to observationscarried in 2009 (February-December) and 2007 (January).

Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of Surface Sensible and Latent heat Fluxes in the City of São Paulo

We found out that the practices of the modern public management and the NPM are well established in the organisation of technology transfer and commercialisation activities of the university research. While the NPM seems to fit rather well in the innovation policy framework, it has to be noticed that its implementation does not necessary take place without difficulties. Determining the “right mix” of autonomy, decentralisation, responsibilities, empowerment, market and customer-orientation is the key question of forming effective technology transfer and commercialisation policies in knowledge-based economies

Konttinen, Jari

Nieminen, Mika

VTT Research System

Analysing innovation intermediary organisations from the public management perspective

https://periodicos.ufsm.br/cienciaenatura/article/download/9379/5530

Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of Surface Sensible and Latent heat Fluxes in the City of São Paulo

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