Heinonen, Jaakko

Hetmanczyk, S.

Popko, W.

Vorpahl, F.

The paper is focused on a comparison of different design guidelines and standards, with emphasize on the dominant sea ice loads for offshore support structures for wind turbines in the subarctic. The documents published by Germanischer Lloyd (GL), The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are accounted for in the comparison as the key standards and guidelines. The comparison is conducted on several layers of complexity. First, a general applicability of the examined documents to offshore wind turbines (OWT) is briefly studied. Then, an examination of the standards upon their coverage on the sea ice topic and interaction with various OWT support structures is presented. And finally, a proposal for an integrated set of design load cases, where a interaction between various environmental conditions and an OWT, is give

State-of-the-art comparison of standards in terms of dominant sea ice loads for offshore wind turbine support structures in the Baltic sea

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