Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) constitutes 1-16% percent of haematological malignancies in childhood and is more frequently seen between two and four years of age. There are differences between pediatric and adult MDS. RA and RARS are very rare in childhood, while RAEB and RAEBt are most frequently seen. It is very difficult to diagnose childhood MDS. However, there has been an increasing number of reports during the last decades on childhood MDS owing to the better recognition of the disease. Recently, because of inadequacy of classic FAB classification, WHO has offered a new classification of pediatric MDS, at its last meeting in 2002. Cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently seen in MDS such as monosomy 7. The median survival time was 13 months and the survival rate for three years from the establishment of diagnosis was 16%. The clinical and laboratory findings of MDS are similar to many other diseases, thus delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to increased mortality. Though the only successful treatment is stem cell transplantation, difficulties in getting a right donor and thus time lapsed leads to higher mortality. We presented this review article to attract your attention to this topic
