Horackova, Clare

Vseteckova, Jitka

Álvarez, Inma

English

Open Research Online (The Open University)

Open Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsWhat is the early mobility of female doctoral holders,what types and subjects were their doctoral degrees inand what is the reported impact of early careermobility on physical and mental health and well-beingof female doctoral holders? A systematic reviewOtherHow to cite:Vseteckova, Jitka; Álvarez, Inma and Horackova, Clare (2020). What is the early mobility of female doctoralholders, what types and subjects were their doctoral degrees in and what is the reported impact of early careermobility on physical and mental health and well-being of female doctoral holders? A systematic review. Prospero -International Prospective register of Systematic Reviews.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© [not recorded]Version: Version of RecordLink(s) to article on publisher’s website:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=184563Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyrightowners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policiespage.oro.open.ac.ukPROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviewsWhat is the early mobility of female doctoral holders, what types and subjects were theirdoctoral degrees in and what is the reported impact of early career mobility on physicaland mental health and well-being of female doctoral holders? A systematic review.Jitka Vseteckova, Inma Alvarez, Clare Horackova CitationJitka Vseteckova, Inma Alvarez, Clare Horackova. What is the early mobility of female doctoralholders, what types and subjects were their doctoral degrees in and what is the reported impact ofearly career mobility on physical and mental health and well-being of female doctoral holders? Asystematic review.. PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020184563 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020184563 Review questionWhat is the early mobility of female doctoral holders, what types and subjects were their doctoral degrees inand what is the reported impact of early career mobility on physical and mental health and well-being in thispopulation? SearchesA preliminary search for existing systematic reviews and/or scoping reviews on the topic was conducted.There are limited primary research papers and research syntheses available on this topic. However, no othersystematic review has been published or registered with Prospero or Cochrane, which specifically focuseson what the international careers of female doctoral holders are and what type of doctoral degree they hold.The search will include both quantitative and qualitative studies published after 1980. There will be norestrictions on study design. Languages will be limited to English, Spanish, Italian, French and Czech only.The search strategy will be created by an expert in systematic review searching, in collaboration with theauthors and piloted in one chosen database. Once this strategy is finalised, it will be adapted to the syntaxand subject headings of the other databases.Key wordsFor preliminary searches the following key words will be used:(‘women’ OR ‘female’); AND (‘career’ OR ‘early career’); AND (‘PhD’ OR ‘doctorate’ OR ‘ doctoralholder’); AND (‘international’ OR ‘mobility’)SyntaxTo be finalised when preliminary searches were done.The preliminary searches will be done in Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC) with the key wordsoutlined above. When preliminary searches are completed the full searches will be run in the followingelectronic databases will be searched:• ERIC• Education Research Complete• JSTOR • Scopus• Taylor & Francis Journals Online                               Page: 1 / 5PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviews• Web of ScienceAdditionally, grey literature will be searched in OpenGrey, Google and Google Scholar. The search term“international early careers of female doctoral holders and types of doctorates” will be used to identify greyliterature because they were identified as the most relevant terms in the exploratory and database searches.In addition, reference lists of all relevant studies, reviews and reports will be searched.  Types of study to be includedArticles and reports related to the topic around the types of doctorates reported in the literature and thecareers of female doctoral holders will be identified through searches using electronic databases. Thepurpose of the current systematic review is to synthesize all relevant available knowledge. To provide acomprehensive overview of this research topic, all existing literature will be included, e.g. primary researchstudies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, guidelines, websites etc. The search will be limited toliterature written in English, Spanish, French, Italian, French and Czech and published worldwide and after1980 when there were noticeable increases in the number of women starting to pursue doctoral studies(Nerad & Heggelund, 2008). Condition or domain being studiedWomen’s access to universities was led by feminist movements in the second half of the 19th century inEurope (Wakeling et al., 2015). However, wide access to undergraduate and postgraduate studies forwomen was not possible until much later. Today, more women are attending university than men across theworld, however unconscious bias and lack of equal opportunities are still leading to unequal access toeducation and jobs for women (WEF, 2020). For instance, in the UK, it has been reported that, despite thefact that more women than men consider themselves unsuited to postgraduate study and are unhappy withstudying at undergraduate level, applications to master studies are still higher among women than men;however, they are less likely to get a place than men (Rowold, 2010).Studying at doctoral degree brings about high level of stress also because female students/candidates oftenjuggle family as well. Stress has been reported on having negative outcomes on both physical and mentalhealth and well-being. We are therefore interested what does the literature report in relation to achieving adoctoral degree and going through transitions relating to career changes and mobility. Participants/populationEligible participants include: Women, female doctorate holders, aged 22 – 55 years, what happened to theircareers within the first 5 years after acquiring their doctorates? Intervention(s), exposure(s)Type & subject of doctorate, career mobility career transitions Comparator(s)/controlnone Main outcome(s)1. Identify the types and subjects of doctorates achieved by female doctorate holders.2. Reveal the international career trajectories of female doctoral graduates: taking into account internationalmobility, careers & employability. 3. Consider the relationship between their degrees and their international careers – i.e. career progressionas well as disciplinary changes.4. Examine the types of contracts and roles women take on at different points after graduating (within thefirst 5 years after graduating).5. Explore how career progression affects women’s physical and mental health and wellbeing.                               Page: 2 / 5PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviews6. Was there a reported improvement in terms of salaries, careers and career choices, career pathways andcareer progression, changes in their professional life, confidence and self-esteem, international renown.* Measures of effectNot applicable. Additional outcome(s)It is well known that stress can be behind physical as well as mental health and wellbeing decline. Doctoralstudies represent a lot of stress as people usually do doctoral studies while working full time and or havingfamilies. The amount of stress that accumulates during doctoral studies is not negligible and may impact onhealth and wellbeing of individuals, although in different ways as everyone copes and or manages stress indifferent ways. Due to lack of literature published in this area we don’t have many choices about specificmeasures used by researchers. For these reasons we would be taking into account:Physical health outcomes: any self-reported measures of physical health and or wellbeing Mental healthoutcomes: any self-reported measures of mental health and or wellbeing* Measures of effectNot applicable. Data extraction (selection and coding)Data for analysis will be extracted from the included studies and managed in an Excel spreadsheet. A dataextraction sheet will be developed which will be tailored to the requirements of the review. The dataextraction sheet will be tested on three included papers and, where necessary, it will be revised to ensure itcan be reliably interpreted and can capture all relevant data from different study designs.Study selection (both at title/abstract screening and full text screening) will be performed by two reviewers.Any disagreements will be solved by consensus or by the decision of a third reviewer where necessary. Aftereliminating the duplicates (studies that are identified more than once by the search engines), an initialscreening of titles, abstracts, and summaries (if applicable) will be undertaken to exclude records that clearlydo not meet the inclusion criteria. Each record will be classified as ‘include’ or ‘exclude’ or ‘maybe’ withcomments to identify relevant and exclude irrelevant literature. The researchers will be inclusive at this stageand, if uncertain about the relevance of a publication or report, it will be left in. The full text will be obtainedfor all the records that potentially meet the inclusion criteria (based on the title and abstract/summary only).All the full text papers will be screened against the inclusion criteria, using a standardized tool. Studies thatdo not meet the inclusion criteria will be listed with the reasons for exclusion. An adapted PRISMA (PreferredReporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) flow-chart of study selection will be included inthe review (Moher et al., 2015).Two reviewers will independently extract data from each included study and insert this into the Excelspreadsheet. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion. Study authors will be contacted to resolve anyuncertainties. Risk of bias (quality) assessmentOne reviewer will independently assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (CochraneLibrary, 2011; Higgins et al., 2011), which includes the following domains: random sequence generation,allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, completeness of outcome data, and selectiveoutcome reporting. We also plan to assess the following additional sources of bias: baseline imbalance andinappropriate administration of an intervention as recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for SystematicReviews of Interventions (Higgins et al., 2011). Studies will be judged at high risk of bias if there was a highrisk of bias for 1 or more key domains and at unclear risk of bias if they had an unclear risk of bias for at least2 domains. Authors of papers will be contacted if information is missing. Strategy for data synthesisFindings from included studies will be synthesized narratively. The ‘Guidance on the Conduct of NarrativeSynthesis in Systematic Reviews’ will be used to advise the narrative synthesis (Popay et al., 2006). First, apreliminary synthesis will be conducted to develop an initial description of the findings of included recordsand to organize them so that patterns across records can be identified. In a second step, thematic analysis                               Page: 3 / 5PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviewswill be used to analyse the findings. The following five steps of thematic analysis will be followed adopting arecursive process (Braun & Clarke, 2006):a) Familiarization with the extracted datab) Generation of initial codesc) Searching for themesd) Reviewing themese) Defining and naming themesDepending on the findings available, the reviewers will aim to provide a flow chart mapping the internationalcareers of female doctorate holders and the types of doctorates they had studied. This review will highlighttheir extent to which women build their careers internationally and on their chosen disciplinary subjectsbased on job opportunities involving geographical and cultural relocations after getting a doctorate.Therefore, it is expected that it could offer insights on how their professional identities are shaped and thereal impact of their qualifications. The information presented in this review may be considered, in the future,by doctoral degree providers and funding bodies when planning future support for the growing populationfemale doctorate holders. Analysis of subgroups or subsetsNot applicable. Contact details for further informationJitka Vseteckovajitka.vseteckova@open.ac.uk Organisational affiliation of the reviewThe Open university Review team members and their organisational affiliationsDr Jitka Vseteckova. The Open universityDr Inma Alvarez. The Open UniversityDr Clare Horackova. The open University Type and method of reviewNarrative synthesis, Systematic review Anticipated or actual start date04 March 2020 Anticipated completion date30 June 2021 Funding sources/sponsorsnone at present - application for funding is being processed by PRAXIS Fund at The Open University Conflicts of interest LanguageEnglish CountryEngland Stage of reviewReview Ongoing                               Page: 4 / 5PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviews Subject index terms statusSubject indexing assigned by CRD Subject index termsCareer Mobility; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Physical Examination; Physicians; Range of Motion,Articular Date of registration in PROSPERO02 July 2020 Date of first submission06 May 2020 Stage of review at time of this submission Stage Started CompletedPreliminary searches Yes NoPiloting of the study selection process No NoFormal screening of search results against eligibility criteria No NoData extraction No NoRisk of bias (quality) assessment No NoData analysis No NoThe record owner confirms that the information they have supplied for this submission is accurate andcomplete and they understand that deliberate provision of inaccurate information or omission of data may beconstrued as scientific misconduct.The record owner confirms that they will update the status of the review when it is completed and will addpublication details in due course. Versions02 July 2020 PROSPEROThis information has been provided by the named contact for this review. CRD has accepted this information in goodfaith and registered the review in PROSPERO. The registrant confirms that the information supplied for this submissionis accurate and complete. CRD bears no responsibility or liability for the content of this registration record, anyassociated files or external websites. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)                               Page: 5 / 5

What is the early mobility of female doctoral holders, what types and subjects were their doctoral degrees in and what is the reported impact of early career mobility on physical and mental health and well-being of female doctoral holders? A systematic review

http://oro.open.ac.uk/71133/1/PDF_71133.pdf

What is the early mobility of female doctoral holders, what types and subjects were their doctoral degrees in and what is the reported impact of early career mobility on physical and mental health and well-being of female doctoral holders? A systematic review

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Open Research Online (The Open University)