This paper presents SWEET: Semantic Web sErvices Editing Tool, the first tool developed for the semi-automatic acquisition of semantic RESTful service descriptions, aiming to support a higher level of automation of common RESTful service tasks, such as discovery and composition

Domingue, John

Maleshkova, Maria

Pedrinaci, Carlos

English

Open Research Online (The Open University)

Open Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsSemantically Annotating RESTful Services withSWEETConference or Workshop ItemHow to cite:Maleshkova, Maria; Pedrinaci, Carlos and Domingue, John (2009). Semantically Annotating RESTful Serviceswith SWEET. In: The 8th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2009), 25-29 Oct 2009, Washington D.C.,USA.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© 2009 SpringerVersion: Accepted ManuscriptCopyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyrightowners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policiespage.oro.open.ac.ukOpen Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsSemantically Annotating RESTful Services with SWEETConference ItemHow to cite:Maleshkova, Maria; Pedrinaci, Carlos and Domingue, John (2009). Semantically Annotating RESTfulServices with SWEET. In: The 8th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2009), 25-29 Oct 2009,Washington D.C., USA.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© 2009 SpringerVersion: [not recorded]Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copy-right owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consultthe policies page.oro.open.ac.ukOpen Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsSemantically Annotating RESTful Services with SWEETConference ItemHow to cite:Maleshkova, Maria; Pedrinaci, Carlos and Domingue, John (2009). Semantically Annotating RESTfulServices with SWEET. In: The 8th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2009), 25-29 Oct 2009,Washington D.C., USA.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© 2009 SpringerVersion: Accepted ManuscriptCopyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copy-right owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consultthe policies page.oro.open.ac.ukSupporting the Semi-Automatic Acquisition ofSemantic RESTful Service DescriptionsMaria Maleshkova, Laurian Gridinoc, Carlos Pedrinaci, John DomingueKnowledge Media Institute (KMi)The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom{m.maleshkova, l.gridinoc, c.pedrinaci, j.b.domingue}@open.ac.ukAbstract. This paper presents SWEET: Semantic Web sErvices Edit-ing Tool, the first tool developed for the semi-automatic acquisition ofsemantic RESTful service descriptions, aiming to support a higher levelof automation of common RESTful service tasks, such as discovery andcomposition.1 IntroductionThe increasing importance and use of Web services have resulted in researchersproposing Semantic Web Services (SWS) as means for automating many com-mon tasks involved in using Web services. Discovery, negotiation, compositionand invocation can have a higher level of automation, when Web service are sup-plemented with semantic descriptions of their properties. On the other hand, thegrowing popularity and use of Web 2.0 technologies has led to the increased adop-tion of the RESTful paradigm. Not only are RESTful services more lightweightthan WSDL-based services because they follow no strict description format.They also enable combining heterogeneous data coming from diverse services, inorder to create data-oriented service compositions called mashups. Similarly totraditional SWS, which improve the automation of WSDL-based solutions, theadding of annotations to RESTful services can bring further automation to theprocess of creating mashups, in addition to the discovery and invocation tasks.Current approaches in the area of semantic RESTful services (SRS) includethe development of formalisms for the semantic annotation. MicroWSMO [3] isone such formalism, which relies on the hREST [1] microformat for describingthe main aspects of a service such as operations, inputs and outputs, and useshooks for relating semantic information. SA-REST [2], on the other hand, usesthe grounding principles of SAWSDL and RDFa for marking service properties.Even though, there is some research done targeted at supporting the use of SRS,for example in the form of mashpus [2], there are no contributions aiming tosupport the acquisition of semantic descriptions of RESTful services.SWEET: Semantic Web sErvices Editing Tool is the first tool developed toassists the semi-automatic acquisition of SRS. Its goal is to hide formalism com-plexities from the user and to assist him/her in adding metadata by recommend-ing suitable annotations. As a result, SWEET contributes directly to improvingthe automation of the discovery and composition of RESTful services.2 Supporting the Annotation of RESTful ServicesSWEET consists of three main components, including the visualization compo-nent, the data preprocessing component and the annotations recommender. Theannotations recommender assists the user in annotating a service by suggestingsuitable annotations for the service as a whole (domain ontology recommenda-tion) and for its individual properties. This component is based on a hybrid rec-ommendation approach combining content based recommendation, implementedby computing similarity measures, between the description of the new service tobe annotated and previously annotated services, and ontology-based recommen-dation. The data preprocessing component implements functionalities for datapreparation for the visualization component, cashing mechanisms and simplerule-based analysis. Finally, the main task of the visualization component is toimplement the user interface, which enables users to identify service propertiesbased on the MicroWSMO ontology, to choose an appropriate domain ontol-ogy based on the annotations recommender suggestions, and to annotate serviceproperties by making model reference to the domain ontology. In addition, thevisualization component assist the user in recognizing the service structure andproperties by graphically highlighting the service address, operations, inputsand outputs. This component is inspired by PowerMagpie [4], taking the formof a vertical widget as an extension of a classical web browser. In this way, theuser can view the RESTful service description in a browser, start SWEET andmake annotations. The result is a MicroWSMO service description, which canbe shared and reused by other users. While all three components have completespecifications, including design models and computational methodologies, onlythe visualization component is fully implemented and the other two are stillunder development.SWEET is a major contribution towards providing semantics for RESTfulservices, since it reduces the amount of necessary manual work by making an-notation suggestions and hides formalism complexity behind an effective andeasy-to-use user interface. The development of SWEET is based upon work par-tially supported by the EU funding under the project SOA4All (FP7 - 215219).References1. Kopecky, J., Gomadam, K., Vitvar, T.: hRESTS: an HTML Microformat for De-scribing RESTful Web Services. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM In-ternational Conference on Web Intelligence (WI-08), 2008.2. Sheth, A. P., Gomadam, K., Lathem, J.: SA-REST: Semantically Interoperable andEasier-to-Use Services and Mashups. In IEEE Internet Computing, 11(6):9194, 2007.3. Kopecky, J., Vitvar, T.: MicroWSMO. WSMO Working Draft.http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d38/v0.1/20080219/, February 2008.4. Dzbor, M., Motta, E., Domingue, J.: Magpie: Experiences in supporting SemanticWeb browsing. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the WWW, 2007.

Semantically Annotating RESTful Services with SWEET

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Semantically Annotating RESTful Services with SWEET

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