For the first time in its five year history the #Microposts workshop features a designated Social Science track. This paper introduces this new track by situating it within the overall workshop objectives. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary studies in the attempt to make sense of Web user activities in general, and in the generation and consumption of Microposts in particular. This paper provides examples of related work in the field, such as Computational Social Science, reviews previous contributions to the #Microposts by the Social Science research community, and introduces the two papers presented in the track

Dadzie, Aba-Sah

Radovanović, Danica

Weller, Katrin

English

Open Research Online (The Open University)

Open Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsMaking Sense of Microposts (#Microposts2015) SocialSciences TrackConference or Workshop ItemHow to cite:Radovanovic´, Danica; Weller, Katrin and Dadzie, Aba-Sah (2015). Making Sense of Microposts (#Microposts2015)Social Sciences Track. In: Proceedings of the the 5th Workshop on Making Sense of Microposts (Rowe, Matthew;Stankovic, Milan and Dadzie, Aba-Sah eds.), pp. 29–31.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© 2015 The AuthorsVersion: Version of RecordLink(s) to article on publisher’s website:http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1395/microposts2015 socsci-report.pdfCopyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyrightowners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policiespage.oro.open.ac.ukMaking Sense of Microposts (#Microposts2015)Social Sciences TrackDanica Radovanovic´⇤Faculty of Technical Sciences,University of Novi Sad, Serbiadanica@danicar.orgKatrin Weller⇤GESIS Leibniz Institute for theSocial Sciences, Germanykatrin.weller@gesis.orgAba-Sah Dadzie⇤Knowledge Media Institute,The Open University, UKaba-sah.dadzie@open.ac.ukABSTRACTFor the first time in its five year history the #Micropostsworkshop features a designated Social Science track. Thispaper introduces this new track by situating it within theoverall workshop objectives. It highlights the importanceof interdisciplinary studies in the attempt to make sense ofWeb user activities in general, and in the generation andconsumption of Microposts in particular. This paper pro-vides examples of related work in the field, such as Com-putational Social Science, reviews previous contributions tothe #Microposts by the Social Science research community,and introduces the two papers presented in the track.KeywordsMicroposts, Social Science, Web Science, Computational So-cial Science, Internet science, social media, user-generatedcontent, online communication, Internet research1. INTRODUCTIONThe Internet is not just a static set of tools or a↵ordances fora specific set of user-defined purposes. Rather, it also repre-sents a rapidly evolving set of ways to configure one’s sociallife. That is to say, the Internet today enables di↵erent rela-tionships within the basic dimensions of social and culturaldynamics and organisation [4]. New media and technologydenote embodiments of socio-cultural relationships that inturn shape and structure our possibilities for social action,education and cultural expression [1, 6] across all generationsand walks of life. The myriad ways that social lives can be(re-)arranged through various types of media and commu-nication forms however present a challenge for researchersfrom multiple disciplines.It can be postulated that social dynamics facilitate newforms of communication structures in social lives. One of⇤All authors made equal contributionsthose structures present Microposts – each a small, briefmessage, theme or a single thought, quick and easy to pub-lish, and that, posted from a variety of platforms and by verylarge numbers of individuals with as many viewpoints andinterests, collectively provide a rich source of informationand opinion about a range of topics. Microposts presenta dominant forum in social networks, micro-blogging ser-vices and virtual communities, and have become of socio-technological value. In recognition of this, the #Microp-osts workshop was born, to provide an avenue for di↵erentdisciplines to come together to make sense of Microposts,to identify why they have become and remain a significantmeans of communication, how the phenomenon impacts itsusers and the wider society, and how end users today, boththe technology-rich and those digitally disadvantaged, makeuse of the platform and consume the rich content generatedin their social and working lives.2. THE SOCIAL SCIENCES INTHEANAL-YSIS OF MICROPOSTSRecent years have brought about an increasing number ofinterdisciplinary approaches, between computer science andsocial sciences, often also referred to as Computational So-cial Science [8]. Computational Social Science uses com-putational methods to study social behaviour, e.g., by de-veloping computational approaches that consider empiricalmethods and theories from social sciences, and by exploringnew kinds of data to learn about social phenomena [19]. Dif-ferent workshops and events are currently being organisedin order to discuss new approaches in the field of compu-tational social science and exchange useful approaches aswell as experience with new datasets. These include the In-ternational Conference on Computational Social Science inHelsinki1, to be held in June 2015. The importance of theseconnections across the disciplines are now recognised widely;interestingly, while the NEEL (Named Entity rEcognitionand Linking) Challenge2, which forms part of the #Micro-posts workshop, typically attracts a select group, due to itsspecific focus, a social sciences researcher in 2015 tweetedfrom the WWW’2015 conference: “An e↵ective named en-tity recognition for Twitter would be invaluable for socialscientists too. Go NEEL #Microposts2015 guys!”3.In trying to make sense of Microposts, researchers may ex-1http://www.iccss2015.eu2http://www.scc.lancs.ac.uk/microposts2015/challenge3Fabio Giglietto [fabiogiglietto] (1:42 PM – 18 May 2015Tweet) Retrieved from http://bit.ly/1FqJTA0Copyright c  2015 held by author(s)/owner(s); copying permittedonly for private and academic purposes.Published as part of the #Microposts2015 Workshop proceedings,available online as CEUR Vol-1395 (http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1395)#Microposts2015, May 18th, 2015, Florence, Italy.· #Microposts2015 · 5th Workshop on Making Sense of Microposts · @WWW2015plore and apply a variety of approaches. The proceedingsof the previous #Microposts workshops prove this, as theyalready include contributions from various academic back-grounds, such as computer science, social sciences, sociology,digital ethnography, psychology and linguistics. In 2013, forinstance, Vanin et al., [21] in Some Clues on Irony Detec-tion in Tweets, presented a mixed methods study to countera challenge in automated analysis – interpretation of theparticular context, including tweeter style or personality,and even subtleties unique to specific languages. In 2012,Radovanovic´ & Ragnedda [12] presented a study on SmallTalk in the Digital Age: Making Sense of Phatic Posts, inwhich they discussed the role of Microposts in social, dy-namic communication on the Web, and the value in thismedium for end users, in terms of content and for driv-ing the conversation itself. In 2011, the first year in whichthe workshop was held, S˘k¸ilters et al., [16] in The Pragmat-ics of Political Messages in Twitter Communication, carryout detailed content analysis of the participants in the 2010Latvian parliamentary elections, to identify pragmatic pat-terns in political communication, based on the identities ofindividuals and (virtual) communities. In this first work-shop, also, Weller et al., [22] in Citation Analysis in Twit-ter: Approaches for Defining and Measuring InformationFlows within Tweets during Scientific Conferences, examinea number of features in information exchanged on Twitterduring scientific conferences, to provide, within webomet-rics, an alternative source of citations.It has always been an aim of the workshop series to bringtogether computer scientists and researchers from other dis-ciplines, including social scientists. For this reason, we havealso sought to include guest speakers with work spanningComputer Science and Social Sciences, including that byGreg Ver Steeg [17] on Information Theoretic Tools for So-cial Media in 2012, Daniele Quercia [11] on Urban*: Crowd-sourcing for the good of London] in 2013, and Markus Stroh-maier [18] on Computational Social Science and Microblogs– The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 2014. To highlighteven further this objective, the #Microposts2015 workshop[23] features an explicit social sciences track in addition tothe main track. By including this track and publishing aspecific call for papers for social scientists, we were able torecognise the di↵erent publication practices that are one ofthe current challenges for successfully bringing together re-searchers from di↵erent disciplines.2.1 Track Sponsor: GESISUser-generated content and social media data are one majorsource in computational social science. For example, Micro-posts from social media platforms can provide new insightsinto political communication around elections [10, 7], politi-cal activism [9, 20] or disaster response [2]. GESIS, the Leib-niz Institute for the Social Sciences [24], is a research infras-tructure and service provider for the social sciences. GESIShosts one of the first departments in Computational SocialScience in Germany, where interdisciplinary researchers de-velop algorithms and theories for studying social phenomenabased on Web data and also organise workshops and train-ing opportunities. As part of the engagement in supportingsocial scientists in this new field, GESIS is also sponsoringthe prize for the best social science paper at the 2015 #Mi-croposts workshop.3. THE #MICROPOSTS2015 SOCIAL SCI-ENCES TRACKFor the first dedicated Social Science track in the #Micro-posts series, three submissions were received, with an addi-tional two from the main track crossing the boundary be-tween this and the main track. Of these, two papers out ofthe first three were accepted for presentation for the track.The award for best submission went to the paper To Beor Not to Be Charlie: Twitter Hashtags as a Discourseand Counter-discourse in the Aftermath of the 2015 CharlieHebdo Shooting in France by Giglietto & Lee [5]. Writtenin the wake of the shooting in Paris, this paper provides oneof the first studies of Twitter users’ reactions to the event,and examines the human reaction on Twitter, expressingsolidarity with the victims in di↵erent ways. The analysisexamined the viewpoint of tweeters who appeared to opposewhat was considered the norm as an expression of solidar-ity, in how they chose to express their grief and sympathy,and also resistance, using an expression that reinforced theiridentity with #JeNeSuisPasCharlie, in contrast to the spon-taneously derived #JeSuisCharlie hashtag.Coelho, Lapa, Ramos & Malini [3] in A Research Designfor the Analysis of Contemporary Social Movements, lookedat political, social empowerment in today’s digital culture,through discursive analysis of Microposts. An importantcontribution of their qualitative study is to help to developguidelines for teachers, to enable e↵ective, critical appro-priation of the data generated on social networks by netactivist groups. The aim is to support education of youngpeople, to encourage participation in the social freedom andthe socio-political agenda.Other papers addressing civil and political activism, andthe analysis of data generated as a result, due to citizenempowerment and social cohesion, or, in contrast, diversivepolitical activity, were submitted to both the social sciencesand the main track. The call for papers highlighted otherkey topics, some of which also overlapped with the call forthe main track. These included data journalism, collectiveawareness, citizen empowerment and education, and psycho-logical aspects of Micropost-based interactions. Additionaltopics of particular importance to social science research in-clude inequality in access to and the use of digital media, andhowMicropost-based services have resulted in the emergenceof alternative social and communication dynamics. The per-spectives taken and the approach to data analysis clearlydi↵ered from the main track, with the social sciences trackfocusing not just on data content, but also on the human el-ement that influences the publishing of Microposts, and howits content may be subsequently appropriated in the mod-ern, digital world. We believe the overlap and divergence inapproaches reinforces the need for the two fields, along withother relevant disciplines, to work in tandem in the analy-sis of Micropost data, allowing the di↵erent lenses throughwhich each field works to result in increasingly richer anal-ysis of this very diverse and constantly growing data set.AcknowledgmentsDanica Radovanovic´ is an Internet researcher, who gradu-ated from the University of Novi Sad, after research during· #Microposts2015 · 5th Workshop on Making Sense of Microposts · @WWW2015 30her PhD as a Chevening Scholar at the Oxford Internet In-stitute. Katrin Weller works at the GESIS Leibniz Institutefor the Social Sciences and is currently funded by the JohnW. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress through a fel-lowship in Digital Studies. Aba-Sah Dadzie is a visitingresearcher at KMi, the Open University, and is working onthe EU project EDSA (no. 643937).4. REFERENCES[1] W. Bijker, T. Hughes, and T. Pinch. The SocialConstruction of Technological Systems: NewDirections in the Sociology and History of Technology.MIT Press, 1987.[2] A. Bruns and J. Burgess. Crisis communication innatural disasters: The Queensland floods andChristchurch earthquakes. Twitter and Society, pages373–384, 2014.[3] I. C. Coelho, A. Lapa, V. Ramos, and F. Malini. Aresearch design for the analysis of contemporary socialmovements. In Rowe et al. [14], pages –.[4] W. H. Dutton and G. Blank. Cultures of the internet:Five clusters of attitudes and beliefs among users inBritain. Technical report, OII Working Paper, OxfordInternet Surveys (OxIS) Project, February 2014.[5] F. Giglietto and Y. Lee. To Be or Not to Be Charlie:Twitter hashtags as a discourse and counter-discoursein the aftermath of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shootingin France. In Rowe et al. [14], pages –.[6] M. Ito. Hanging Out, Messing Around, Geeking Out:Living and Learning with New Media. MIT Press,2009.[7] A. Jungherr, P. Ju¨rgens, and H. Schoen. Why thePirate Party won the German election of 2009 or thetrouble with predictions: A Response to Tumasjan,A., Sprenger, T. O., Sander, P. G., & Welpe, I. M.‘Predicting Elections With Twitter: What 140Characters Reveal About Political Sentiment’. SocialScience Computer Review, 30(2):229–234, 2012.[8] D. Lazer, A. Pentland, L. Adamic, S. Aral, A.-L.Baraba´si, D. Brewer, N. Christakis, N. Contractor,J. Fowler, M. Gutmann, T. Jebara, G. King, M. Macy,D. Roy, and M. Van Alstyne. Computational SocialScience. Science, 323(5915):721–723, 2009.[9] G. Lotan, E. 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Making Sense of Microposts (#Microposts2015) Social Sciences Track

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