Aim: This article reports the results of an analysis of the content of national and international professional guidance on social media for the nursing profession. The aim was to consolidate good practice examples of social media guidelines, and inform the development of comprehensive guidance.



Method: A scoping search of professional nursing bodies’ and organisations’ social media guidance documents was undertaken using google search.



Results: 34 guidance documents were located, and a content analysis of these was conducted.



Conclusion: The results, combined with a review of competency hearings and literature, indicate that guidance should cover the context of social media, and support nurses to navigate and negotiate the differences between the real and online domains to help them translate awareness into actions

Ryan, Gemma

English

Open Research Online

International perspectives on social media guidance for nurses: a content analysis

Abstract\ud
Aim This article reports the results of an analysis of the content of national and international professional guidance on social media for the nursing profession. The aim was to consolidate good practice examples of social media guidelines, and inform the development of comprehensive guidance.\ud
Method A scoping search of professional nursing bodies’ and organisations’ social media guidance documents was undertaken using google search.\ud
Results 34 guidance documents were located, and a content analysis of these was conducted.\ud
Conclusion The results, combined with a review of competency hearings and literature, indicate that guidance should consider the wider context of social media, and support nurses to navigate and negotiate the differences between the real and online domains to help them translate awareness into actions

Ryan, Gemma Sinead

Name not available

Nursing Management

Abstract Aim This article reports the results of an analysis of the content of national and international professional guidance on social media for the nursing profession. The aim was to consolidate good practice examples of social media guidelines, and inform the development of comprehensive guidance. Method A scoping search of professional nursing bodies’ and organisations’ social media guidance documents was undertaken using google search. Results 34 guidance documents were located, and a content analysis of these was conducted. Conclusion The results, combined with a review of competency hearings and literature, indicate that guidance should consider the wider context of social media, and support nurses to navigate and negotiate the differences between the real and online domains to help them translate awareness into actions.Abstract
Aim This article reports the results of an analysis of the content of national and international professional guidance on social media for the nursing profession. The aim was to consolidate good practice examples of social media guidelines, and inform the development of comprehensive guidance.
Method A scoping search of professional nursing bodies’ and organisations’ social media guidance documents was undertaken using google search.
Results 34 guidance documents were located, and a content analysis of these was conducted.
Conclusion The results, combined with a review of competency hearings and literature, indicate that guidance should consider the wider context of social media, and support nurses to navigate and negotiate the differences between the real and online domains to help them translate awareness into actions

UDORA - University of Derby Online Research Archive

Social media is increasingly popular in the nursing profession but there are also concerns associated with their use.  There is a range of guidelines available within the UK from RCN (2009) and NMC (2012) but also good examples from an international perspective (New Zealand Nurses Organisation (2012)).   

AIM: This project aimed to analyse the content in professional guidance on social media for the nursing profession on an international level; to consolidate 'good practice' examples of social media guidelines and inform the development of comprehensive guidance.  

METHOD: A scoping search of professional nursing bodies and organisations was run using google search and cross referenced with the International Council of Nurses and NMC lists of nursing organisations internationally.  Those not published in English were not included.  

A quantitative and qualitative content analysis was undertaken to identify common themes and key differences between guidance.  This was consolidated into a list of recommendations of what to include in comprehensive social media guidance for nurses.  

RESULTS: A total of 34 pieces of guidance were found of which 14 were not available in English and a further 7 organisations did not have guidance available.   All pieces of evidence were published between 2009-2013.  Content varied widely as did the length and methods of delivery e.g. some used case studies, others just bullet point lists of do’s and don’ts.  Most focused on the risks and dangers of social media but others included positives and benefits of using social media as a professional.  

CONCLUSION: A comprehensive list of recommendations for content of social media guidelines for the nursing profession has been developed based on the content analysis conducted.  This has identified ways in which UK published guidance could be improved but also can inform other organisations in the development of guidance on the use of social media by professionals

Open Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsInternational perspectives on social media guidance fornurses: a content analysisConference or Workshop ItemHow to cite:Ryan, Gemma Sinead (2015). International perspectives on social media guidance for nurses: a content analysis. In:RCN International Nursing Research Conference 2015, 20-22 Apr 2015, Nottingham, UK.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© [not recorded]Version: Version of RecordCopyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyrightowners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policiespage.oro.open.ac.ukInternational perspectives on social media guidance for nurses: a content analysisGemma Ryan, Deputy Director HSCRCwww.derby.ac.uk/healthwww.derby.ac.uk/healthSocial media & the internet• A large proportion of nurses and healthcare professionals now use Facebook and other social media sites – a reported 60-98% of healthcare professionals have presence on social media e.g. Facebook (Garner & O’Sullivan, 2010; Ford, 2011; Hall et al, 2013; Mabvuure et al, 2014)• Facebook is the most commonly used social media site and poses a range of opportunities and risks, particularly for healthcare professionalswww.derby.ac.uk/healthBackground & rationale• There are professional guidelines on the use of social media RCN (2009) & NMC (2012) and most Universities and NHS trusts/employers also have policies • Despite this there is still evidence to suggest that nurses do not adhere to online rules and this poses challenges to professional accountability  Ford (2011) identified:75% of nurses had seen discussion of other members of staff on social media32% had seen discussion of service users12% had seen photography of patients/service usersA scoping search of NMC competency hearings/documents from 2010-14 showed 38 linked to Facebook in some way  Breaching confidentiality of patientsDerogatory comments about employer or staff‘friending’ patients/patients relativesFacebook posts being used as evidence e.g. on holiday while meant to be on sick leavewww.derby.ac.uk/healthAims & objectivesAIM: To analyse the content in professional guidance on use of social media for the nursing profession on an international level.  This hoped to identify some good practice examples of content to inform the development of comprehensive guidance.OBJECTIVES:- Conduct a scoping search of available professional body guidance on the use of social media- Analyse the content using a thematic content analysis - Identify common themes in content and synthesise these into recommended themes and content to be included in comprehensive professional guidancewww.derby.ac.uk/healthMethods – search strategy• International council of nurses (ICN) members list was used to identify websites of relevant professional bodies• These sites were then searched for keywords:– Social media +/- online– Social networks +/- online– Facebook– Internet www.derby.ac.uk/healthMethods – search strategy• Must be professional organisation e.g. NMC, RCN• Must be written in English• Must be identified as a guidance document or policyInclusion• Educational policy e.g. university policy• Health & social care organisation policy• Employers policy• General professional guidance rather than social media specificExclusionwww.derby.ac.uk/healthMethods – thematic content analysis• The RCN (2009), NMC (2012) & New Zealand Nurses Organisation (2012) were the first pieces identified and these were read through first to identify possible common themes for the coding table• The rest of the documents were read through, highlighted key themes under the coding headings identified• The tabulated results enabled comparison of content across all documents• Then returned to the original documents to identify recommendations for content and possible formatwww.derby.ac.uk/healthResults – Identified publications132 nursing countries from ICNGoogle search for any other possible organisations14 excluded as not in EnglishThe rest had no document available for review which met the criteria (May 2014)20 documents retained for review dated 2009 - 2013www.derby.ac.uk/healthResults - ThemesAdvice ThemeDefinitionof SMConfidentiality & Privacy Impact on team/colleaguesImpact on employer/organisationImpact on professional reputationImpact on patient carePers-profboundaries -patientsPers-prof boundaries -colleaguesBullying/harassmentMyths/misconceptions/pitfallsBenefits /OpportunitiesTips & adviceRoles &resp. -employerRoles & resp./accountability -RNRoles & resp. -educationStudentnursesNumber 8 12 5 3 5 4 8 3 4 3 9 19 4 6 2 6www.derby.ac.uk/healthResults • 6 documents originating from New Zealand, Ireland & Canada used case study examples to help application of guidance• The majority focused on generic tips/advice, Do’s & Don’ts rather than illustrating the potential consequences • There needs to be more emphasis on the concept of professional accountability & what this means in the context of social media• There are some areas which are explicit e.g. confidentiality but less focus on what is unacceptable rather than unprofessional which could lead to confusion• There is little information for: – Education/academics training pre-registration nurses– Pre-registration nurses who are new to the professionwww.derby.ac.uk/healthMain limitations• Only included publications in written English• Only included those available through the internet/electronically• One person conducted analysis and best practice would likely have seen two• Not all countries had information available so this data may present several guidance documents from one country e.g. USA www.derby.ac.uk/healthConclusion & Recommendations• Guidance should use practical examples to illustrate the expected actions/behaviours of the professional in the online environment• There should be emphasis on professional accountability outside of the clinical environment & on the consequences of misuse/naïve use of social media• More information should be available on how to educate those new to the profession• Comprehensive guidance covers a wide range of themes and not just ‘do’s & don’ts’• There should also be examples of ‘best practice’ use and ‘successful’ use to illustrate the benefits and opportunities of social media• Further research into the awareness and impact of professional guidance and the most effective methods of enhancing understanding may be requiredwww.derby.ac.uk/healthFurther work being conducted• Basic analysis of NMC competence hearings – Length of time qualified– Patterns and instances over time– The reasons Facebook was included• Systematic review of literature on healthcare professional use of Facebook• Critical realist ethnography on the relationship between Facebook and professional accountability ReferencesFord.S (2011) Nurses breaching online rules, Nursing times, 26th July 2011Garner.H & O’Sullivan (2010) Facebook and the behaviours of undergraduate medical students, The clinical teacher, 7, 112-115Hall.M, Hanna.LA & Huey.G (2013) Use and views on social networking sites of Pharmacy students in the UK, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 77(1), article 9Mabuuvre.NT, Rodrigues.J, Kilmach.S & Nduka.C (2014) A cross sectional study of the presence of UK plastic surgeons on social media, Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery, 67, 362-367New Zealand Nurses Organisation , NZNO National Student Unit, and Nurse Educators in the Tertiary Sector (2012) Social media and the nursing profession: a guide to online professionalism for nurses and nursing students, NZNA, NETS, NSU, New ZealandNMC (2012) Social networking sites, NMC, UKRCN (2009) Positioning nursing in a digital world RCN eHealth survey 2012 report, RCN, UKwww.derby.ac.uk/healthQuestions?Gemma RyanDeputy DirectorCollege of Health & Social Care Research CentreUniversity of Derby01332 492164g.ryan@derby.ac.uk

Gemma Ryan

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International perspectives on social media guidance for nurses: a content analysis

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