The NHS is faced with the urgent task of reshaping and enhancing its nursing workforce. Part of this reshape will be happening soon with the introduction of nursing associates – the first cohorts are currently undergoing training. However, introducing new roles in an established healthcare workforce is not an easy task. It needs to be well thought-out and planned, and conducted with the primary aim of meeting patient need. This article sums up the findings of a literature review on the introduction of new roles in healthcare, using lessons learned from the past to provide guidance to leaders and workforce planners