The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between foot structure and jump performance and whether movement complexity (single joint jump compared to multi-joint jump) influences these relationships. Forty participants (20 men and 20 women) performed: 1) ankle jumps with (ACMJ) and without (ASJ) a countermovement, and 2) whole lower extremity jumps with (CMJ) and without (SJ) a countermovement with the right leg only. Peak jump height, ankle power, and metatarsal phalangeal joint power were calculated. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans of each participant’s right foot were used to measure Achilles tendon moment arm, metatarsal length and hallux length. Arch stiffness was calculated using foot measures taken from photographic images. Pearson product-moment correlations showed positive relationships among certain foot anthropometry and jump performance variables. However, separating results by sex caused all significant relationships to disappear. Fisher’s exact test revealed no significant differences in correlation strength between jumps of different complexities. Results from the two-way ANOVA and multivariate backward linear regression model found that males and females had significantly different performance results and that sex was the only significant predictor for jump height. In conclusion, sex differences are critical when evaluating foot anthropometric relationships with jump performance
