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Going underground: Resort to terrorism in mass mobilization dissident campaigns
Authors
Borge Tomas
Braungart Richard G
+20 more
Chenoweth Erica
Crenshaw Martha
Della Porta Donatella
Della Porta Donatella
Gamson William
Guevara Ernesto Che
Klandermans Bert
Kriesi Hanspeter
Margherita Belgioioso
McAdam Doug
Neidhardt Friedhelm
Nepstad Sharon E
Popovic Srdja
Record Jeffry
Reinhart Christine S
Tarrow Sidney
Tilly Charles
Tse-tung Mao
White Jonathan R
Wieviorka Michel
Publication date
3 May 2018
Publisher
'SAGE Publications'
Doi
Abstract
© The Author(s) 2018. When and why do groups participating in mass dissent choose to initiate terrorist campaigns? I argue that groups involved in civil wars and mass civil resistance might face similar organizational pressures, which encourage the initiation of terrorism due to higher tactical effectiveness. Internal organizational pressure might depend on leaders’ expectations of a decline in followers’ commitment with protracted use of mass tactics. This is likely to motivate leaders to initiate terrorist campaigns to secure organizational survival. External organizational pressures might depend on increasing dissident campaigns’ fragmentation. This intensifies competition making leaders more likely to initiate terrorism so as to establish themselves at the forefront of their movements. The findings provide empirical support consistent with my claims and indicate no significant difference between civil wars and mass civil resistance movements with regards to these effects. Contrary to the common idea that the use of conventional violence should entail a higher willingness to engage in illegal violence against non-combatants, this finding suggests that conflict dynamics affect the decision to initiate terrorism and that terrorist campaigns have a coherent strategic logic across different types of mass dissent.Economic and Social Research Council (1511095
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