Guide to growing perennial flowers in South Dakota discusses soil, mulching, blooming periods, flower colors, plant height, and planning a border. Includes tables flowering bulbs, corms, tubers, and roots and perennials

Martin, Dean

English

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South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange SDSU Extension Fact Sheets SDSU Extension 1966 Growing Perennial Flowers in South Dakota Dean Martin Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_fact Recommended Citation Martin, Dean, "Growing Perennial Flowers in South Dakota" (1966). SDSU Extension Fact Sheets. 1322. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_fact/1322 This Fact Sheet is brought to you for free and open access by the SDSU Extension at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in SDSU Extension Fact Sheets by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu. Historic, archived doculllent Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. SDSU ® Extension For current policies and practices, contact SDSU Extension Website: extension.sdstate.edu Phone: Email: 605-688-4 792 sdsu.extension@sdstate.edu SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture. FS 323 PERENNIAL 0 . ERS --l . ~ T . ?'TY ' j. I Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University United States Department of Agriculture I growang PERENNIAL by DEAN MARTIN, extension horticulturist Herbaceous perennial flowers are plants that die back to the · ground in the fall and renew growth again in the spring. Some perennials live many years, others die out after only a few years. It is necessary to consi<ler many factors when se-lecting herbaceous perennials. Flowers selected for the perennial border should provide a succession o.f color harmony as the season progresses. The height and spread of the plants must also be considered. Usually, annuals, biennials, and flowering bulbs are included in the border planting. Early-blooming perennials such as peonies arc usually planted in the fall, while later-blooming ones such as chrysanthemums may be planted in early spring. Hollyhock, columbine, delphinium, dianthus, hemerocallis, iris, lilies, peonies, and phlox are ten good perennials for South Dakota. Most perennials prefer a fertile, well-drained loam soil with a high organic matter content. Prepare the soil to a depth of 15 to 20 inches. Keep the plant-ing well cultivated and at a constant high level of fertility. The planting should receive an application of fertilizer in early spring and again in early sum -mer. A complete fertilizer such as a 10-10-10 analysis at the rate of two pounds per 100 square feet is suit-able. Summer mulches such as grass clippings. or par-tially rotted leaves may be used to help conserve moisture and maintain an even soil temperature. Winter mulches may be used to protect plants from severe cold, to maintain an even soil temperature, and to prevent too-early growth in the spring. Marsh hay, sudan grass, clean straw or hay, and evergreen boughs are some of the materials suitable for winter mulches. Apply the mulch after the plants are dor-mant and the ground is frozen. This usually occurs by mid-November. Remove the mulch gradually in the spring as the plants begin to grow. [: Q~~e.~~~,~~!~!~!~i::~($~'::!!~ MAY: phlox divaricata, linum, columbine, iris, di-anthus, peony, violas JUN E: iris, delphinium, linum, dianthus, hemero-callis, peony, veronica FS 323 FLOWERS in south dakota CO SJ JULY: hollyhocks, phlox, veronica, lilies, dianthus, hemerocallis AUGUST: phlox, delphinium, chrysanthemum, hemerocallis SEPTEMBER: hardy asters, delphinium, chrysanthe-mum, lilies O CTOBER: hardy asters, chrysanthemums, gaillard-1a, coreops1s· W HITE: iris, lilies, hollyhocks BLUE, LAVENDER, PURPLE: phlox, columbine, iris, linum, violas, delphinum, veronica, hardy asters PINK, ROSE, SALMON: columbine, iris, hollyhocks, chrysanthemums, hardy asters, phlox, lilies YELLOW, O RANGE, BRONZE: columbine, iris, holly-hocks, chrysanthemums, hemerocallis ~i ~ ··•····· :,i~-~~:~:i~~! ~iij~~!: LOW: violas, phlox divaricata, phlox subulata MEDIUM: columbines, iris, linum, veronica, phlox, chrysanthemums TALL: delphinium, lilium candidum, hardy aster, hollyhock, !ilium regale :111;iil11 :,· .........  ·•····•·······.{·•···•·•···•·•·.····•·•··· ....... ·•·····•·•·•·•·•·•·· With these things in mind, draw a plan to indicate where each plant should be placed to create the desir-ed effect. A layout for planning a perennial border will help you select the plants you want to use. It will also be helpful in ordering plants and will serve as a guide when planting. (See figure 1.) After you have chosen the plants you wish to grow-which may include annuals, bulbs, corms, and tubers-you can plan your design . You will need to know the season of bloom, color, size, and height of the plants you have chosen. Locate the plants to create good color and size harmony and a good sequence of bloom. The number of plants, transplants, and seeds needed can also be determined at this time. It may take several attempts to work out a pleasing design, but this is an excellent way to become familar with the characteristics of the plants you have chosen for your border. Some plants such as delphiniums will require stak-ing for proper growth and protection. The tabular lists that follow include the true per-ennials as well as flowering bulbs. Those bulbs, corms, tubers and roots that must be dug in the fall for winter storage indoors are so indicated in Table 2. / i'-~ .. , .. , l ...... I,. ' ""''-~ L.--~ " I - ~ ~ ~ ~ •:S, .......... SCALE: 1 inch = 6 feet Area N ame of Plant Horticultural N o. (common) Variety 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 *A = Annual B = Biennial P = Perennial -1-D = Dwa rf M = Med iu m T = Tall j -~ ·~ l_ r ... --~~ __,,......_ Class Height A-B-P* D-M-T t .. ) '~ ,•., .. , ' ,. • t i •.·.·""' .. , .. ·,, " ~~ .. c 1,•, j e •~ ... . , . ) 1111 ,.. ··•· ·•··-• ,,,. .,,,,, , " ' - f 7 ~ ., 'i ~ _;: . ~ .. r "- I \ ~~ '\,,. ·. ~ ' 1·.· ;.,,- ~-...... ._ ..... ~ .~ _,:,""' .. ... , .. xJ ~ ~ -.. •·· PLANT LIST No. Plants Season of Bloom Color Seeds Seedlings Required From To Figure 1. A scale-drawn plan showing a possible arrangement for a perennial flower border 36 feet long and 3 to 5 feet wide, with corresponding plant list. TABLE 1 .-FLOWERING BULBS (Bulbs, corms, tubers, roots) Botanical Common Blooming Preferred N ame Nam Classification Planting Time Color Height Period Site 1. Begon ia Tubero~s' I Tubers Start tubers in Yellow, l foot July, Partial shade Begon}a f March or April. White, August Wind protection .1 Put in pots. Set Salmon, plants out in Scarlet, I l June. Dig be- Orange i'F fore freezing. Pink 2.Canna Canna I Roots Set outside Red, 4-6 ft. July, Formal beds after danger Pink, August Background of of frost. Orange, flower border Dig in fall. Yellow Deep rich soil-plenty of water 3. Chionodoxa Glory-of- Bulb 3-4 in. deep Blue, 4-6 in. April Border, Rock the .. Snow Fall before White, Garden, well-frost Pink drained soil 4. Crocus Crocus Corm 2 in. deep. Various 4-6 in. April Grassy areas Fall before Formal beds frost. 5. Dahlia Dahlia Tubers 6 in. deep Various 3-6 ft. August Perennial Cover with 2 Sept. border. Need in. of soil at plenty water. first. May 15-June 15. Dig ofter frost. ) C Botanical Name 6. Fritillaria 7. Gladiolus 8. Hyacinth oriental is 9. Leucojum vernum 10. Lilium henryi Lilium regale (Many others) l l. Muscari ••11~11,~•; m••••••••••••••·•••••·• i/ 11111 :1 :.a.11111 t~,1 r 11111~ 111 I • Classification Planting Time Bulb 2-3 in. Fall before frost Corm 3-6 in. deep April 15-July 15. Dig after killing frost. Bulb 5-6 in. deep Fall before frost Bulb Bulb Bulb Sin.deep Fall before frost Fall or spring as soon as delivered. Twice as deep as length of bulb. 2-3 in. deep Fall before frost. Color White to purplish Various Various White Orange, Yellow, White White, Blue Height l foot 3 feet l foot 6-10 inches 6 feet 4 feet Blooming Period April July, Sept. April April Summer to Fall 6 inches Apri I 12. Narcissus iit:Giii Bulb Twice as deep as diameter of bulb. September White, Yellow, White & Yellow, White & Orange, Yellow & Orange l foot April 13. Scillas 14. Tulipa Botanical Name 1. Althaea rosea Bulb Bulb 4. Chrysanthe- §§lf!§:flg(ji 2-3 ft. mum Maximum 5. Chrysanthe- • mum Morifolium 7. Coreopsis 1-4 ft. 10 inches 3in.deep 6-8 inches deep in November Blue, White Various 4-5 inches April 12-30 inches April, May TABLE 2-PERENNIALS Color Various Blue & White Yellow, Pink Various White Various White Yellow Blooming Period July, August Uses Back part of border May and June Border July, August June, September August, November May June, October Borders Cut Flowers Border Cut Flowers Border Cut Flowers Bouquets Corsages Arrangements Cut Flowers Borde,r Preferred Site Border, Rock Garden, well-drained soil, needs winter protection. Cut flowers groups in shrub border among perennials. Form a I beds. Border. Fore-ground of shrub border well-drained soil. In clumps Rock Garden Light, well-drained soil Sun well-drained sandy loam Border Rock Garden Indoors .in winter Borders Beds Wooded areas Cool Soil Rock Garden Flower Border Grassy area Massed Border Sun Preferred Site Sun or Partial Shade Sun Sun Sun Partial shade Full sun Moist soil Botanical Name 8. Delphinium Hybridum 9. Dianthus Barbatus l 0. Dia nth us Several species (?~lphinium Sweet -W}lliam Perennial pil).ks · H eight 4-8 ft. l ½ ft. 6-18 inches 11. Dicentra Ble.eding Heart 3 feet spectabilis 12. Gaillardia 8lanketflovv~r l ½ -2 feet aristata 13. Hemero-callis 14. Iris Bearded Dwarf Intermediate Tal l Siberian Japanese 15. Lythrum salicaria 16. Paeonia albiflora 17. Papaver orientale 18. Phlox Several species Iris Lytt,,ruttt )!urple lc,e>se strife l ½-5 feet 1-2 feet 4-8 inches 2 feet 2-4 fee t 2-4 feet 2-4 feet 3-5 feet 2-3 ½ feet 2-3 feet F!ir. Phlox / : .. -. 6 inches to 2 fee t 19. Physostegia ~!!i~ ( ;: 3-feet 9ijffilib~I! r.·••• 20. Veronica spicata i 1-3 feet Color Va r ious Various Various Deep Pink Yellow, Red Yellow Orange, Red Various Various Various Red -Purple White, Pink, Red White, Orange, Salmon Cr imson Various Pink Blue, Pink W h ite Blooming Period June, July June, July May, September May, June May, October May, August April, May May May, June June July July, September May, Ju ne May, J une June, September July, September June Uses Border Cut Flowers Cut Flowers Cut Flowers Borders Cut Flowers Border Cut Flowers Borders With shrubs Cut Flowers Border Cut Flowers Border Cut Flowers Border Cut Flowers Borders Specimen Cut Flowers Hedges Borders Cut Flowers Preferred Site Full sun Full sun Full sun Sun or shade Full sun Sandy soil Sun or partial shade Full sun Well drained soil Sun, prefer wet ground Good in wet soil Most places. Prefer rich soils. Sun or part ial shade Dwarf- Edging, S-un or Rockeries part ial Ground Cover shade Others-Borders, Cut Flowers Borders Cut Flowers Borders Cut Flowers Sun or shade Mo ist soil Full sun Moist soil Jssued in furtherance ~fC;o;;~;ti~; it :tension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agricul-ture. John T. Stone, Dean of Extension, South Dakota State University, Brookings. SM-Replaces EMC 48_0-10-66-File: 7.8-2-4939 

Growing Perennial Flowers in South Dakota

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Growing Perennial Flowers in South Dakota

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