While India has experienced rapid economic development during the last few decades, the prevalence of undernutrition remains high and the prevalence of overnutrition is increasing, creating a “double burden”. This trend is observed not only among the adult population of India, but also among the children of India. The National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), starting in 1992 and conducted every five years, collects nutritional data on participants and was used to address the question of which socioeconomic factors influence childhood nutritional status and whether or not these factors differ by state and wealth of different regions in India. To achieve this objective, the NFHS II data from 1998-1999 were studied using multiple linear regression analysis to predict child nutritional status for those under two years of age. Weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) was positively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and household standard of living, and an inverse relationship with respondent’s age. Height-for-age z-score (HAZ) was positively associated with years lived in place of residence, education level, BMI, and household standard of living and an inverse relationship with respondent’s age and type of employment. Analyses by region (West, South, North, Northeast, East, and Central) showed that the association between the socioeconomic factors with WHZ and HAZ among stunted, wasted, and overweight children varied among the six regions. In the wealthier regions, respondent’s age, place of residence, and years lived in residence are significant predictors. In the less wealthy regions, respondent’s ethnicity and employment are significant predictors. In conclusion, when assessing the nutritional status of children within the country of India, the association between socioeconomic factors with child WHZ and HAZ varies by region.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Nipa Pate