Pociecha, A.

Wilk-Wozniak, E.

Catalan 

Электронная библиотека БГУ

109
ðîãîçà èç îç. Áàáèíå èìåþò ìåëêèå êëåòêè (ïî ñîäåðæàíèþ ÄÍÊ è ôîñôîëèïèäîâ) ñ òîí-
êèìè êëåòî÷íûìè îáîëî÷êàìè. Â èþëå äàííûå ïîêàçàòåëè ëèñòüåâ ðàñòåíèé âûðàâíèâàþò-
ñÿ çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ñîäåðæàíèÿ ÄÍÊ â ëèñòüÿõ (ïðåâûøåíèå â 2 ðàçà).
Èñõîäÿ èç äàííûõ ïî ñîäåðæàíèþ ÐÍÊ è ñîîòíîøåíèþ ÐÍÊ/ÄÍÊ, ìîæíî ñóäèòü î
ðîñòîâûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêàõ ðàñòåíèé, à òàêæå ïðîõîæäåíèè â íèõ áèîñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ïðî-
öåññîâ. Îòìå÷åíî ÷òî ýòè ïîêàçàòåëè áûëè âûøå ó ðàñòåíèé èç íåçàãðÿçíåííîãî îçåðà
(âåñíà – íà 15,6–29,7 %, ëåòî – â 1,9–2,5 ðàçà). Âåñíîé ñîäåðæàíèå àììèàêà è áåëêîâ òàêæå
ìåíüøå â ëèñòüÿõ ðîãîçà èç îç. Áàáèíå. Â òî æå âðåìÿ ëåòîì çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ïî èõ
ñîäåðæàíèþ íîñÿò ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûé õàðàêòåð.
Íà îñíîâå ñîäåðæàíèÿ ãëèêîëèïèäîâ (ñòðóêòóðíûõ ëèïèäîâ õëîðîïëàñòîâ) ìîæíî ñó-
äèòü îá àêòèâíîñòè ôîòîñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ â ëèñòüÿõ ðàñòåíèé. Âåñíîé íàèìåíü-
øåå êîëè÷åñòâî (â 3 ðàçà) ãëèêîëèïèäîâ îòìå÷åíî â ëèñòüÿõ îç. Îïå÷åíü, ïðè÷åì â ðàñòå-
íèÿõ ïðèñóòñòâîâàëî áîëüøåå ñîäåðæàíèå ìîíîãëèêîëèïèäîâ (ãàëàêòîëèïèäîâ), ÷åì äèãà-
ëàêòîëèïèäîâ. Ëåòîì íà îòìåëÿõ ñîäåðæàíèå ãëèêîëèïèäîâ â ðàñòåíèÿõ èç äâóõ îçåð
âûðàâíèâàëîñü, à íà ó÷àñòêàõ ñ áîëüøèìè ãëóáèíàìè îòìå÷åííûå ðàçëè÷èÿ ïî ñîäåðæà-
íèþ ãëèêîëèïèäîâ ñîõðàíÿëàñü.
Âñå ýòî ìîæåò ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàòü î òîì, ÷òî ðîãîç øèðîêîëèñòíûé âåñíîé â ïåðèîä
àêòèâíîãî ðîñòà èñïîëüçóåò ïðîìûøëåííûå ñòîêè êàê èñòî÷íèê îñíîâíûõ áèîãåíîâ, â ñâÿçè
ñ ÷åì íàáëþäàåòñÿ áîëåå áûñòðûé ðîñò ðàñòåíèé. Îäíàêî ïî ìåðå íàêîïëåíèÿ òîêñè÷åñêèõ
âåùåñòâ ê ñåðåäèíå ëåòà â êëåòêàõ ëèñòüåâ ðîãîçà èç îç. Îïå÷åíü íàáëþäàåòñÿ ñíèæåíèå
èíòåíñèâíîñòè áèîñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ, çàìåäëåíèå ðîñòà è ðàçâèòèÿ ðàñòåíèÿ.
SUBMONTAINE DAM RESERVOIRS AND THEIR RESPONSES
TO ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES
A. Pociecha, G. Mazurkiewicz-Boron, E. Wilk-Wozniak, E. Szarek-Gwiazda
ÏÐÅÄÃÎÐÍÛÅ ÂÎÄÎÕÐÀÍÈËÈÙÀ È ÈÕ ÎÒÂÅÒ
ÍÀ ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÃÅÍÍÛÉ ÏÐÅÑÑ
À. Ïîöèåõà, Ã. Ìàçóðêåâè÷-Áîðîí, Å. Âèëê-Âîçíÿê, Å. Øàðåê-Ãâÿçäà
Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, Krakow, Poland, pociecha@iop.krakow.pl
Dam reservoirs are artificial water bodies. They are built in river valleys so they are  components
of the natural river system compose in the functioning of river system, but they are classified as
stagnant water bodies. Very often they are called «lakes», but their functioning differs from the
«true» lakes. Although there are many features that separate artificial water bodies from lakes and
rivers, sometimes, during special events like floods, they are more like rivers than stagnant waters.
In contrast during «dry» periods, they are more similar to lakes than rivers. We show how the
submontaine reservoirs respond to extreme conditions of floods and droughts.
The second problem discussed in our poster is the functioning of dam reservoirs dependent
on their eco-hydro-morphological features. Their trophic state and ecological water quality is
strictly dependent on the catchment. Our data presents studies of biotic (phyto-and zooplankton
assemblages) and abiotic (physio-chemical parameters of water and sediments) factors on three
submontaine dam reservoirs in southern Poland: Czorsztyn Reservoir (CR), Dobczyce Reservoir
(DR) and Roznow Reservoir (RR). They differ from each other in many features and in trophic
state, dependent on human pressures:
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110
• the most important group in the CR, mesotrophic, were centric diatoms and Rotatoria;
• in the DR, meso-eutrophic, the most impacted by agriculture and used as a drinking water
reservoir, the most important groups were cyanoprokaryotes, cryptophytes, and among
zooplankton we noted very high densities of Copepods and Cladocera;
• in the RR, eutrophic, used for recreation, the dominant groups were diatoms, green-algae
and cyanoprokaryotes, and Copepods and Cladocera again achieved very high densities.
We present how biotic and abiotic interactions changed in all three reservoirs over a period
of 7 years.
ÎÁ ÈÇÌÅÍÅÍÈÈ ÃÈÄÐÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÐÅÆÈÌÀ
ÂÎÄÎÅÌÀ-ÎÕËÀÄÈÒÅËß ÕÌÅËÜÍÈÖÊÎÉ ÀÝÑ
ÏÎÄ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅÌ ÒÅÕÍÎÃÅÍÍÛÕ È ÁÈÎÃÅÍÍÛÕ ÔÀÊÒÎÐÎÂ
À. À. Ïðîòàñîâ, À. À. Ñèëàåâà, Ë. Â. Ãóëåéêîâà, Ñ. Ï. Áàáàðèãà, È. À. Ìîðîçîâñêàÿ
HYDROBIOLOGICAL REGIME CHANGE IN COOLING POND
OF KHMELNITSKI NPP UNDER TECHNOGENIC AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS
A. A. Protasov, A. A. Silayeva, L. V. Guleykova, S. P. Babariga, I. A. Morozovskaya
Èíñòèòóò ãèäðîáèîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, Êèåâ, protasov@bigmir.net
Âîäîåì-îõëàäèòåëü Õìåëüíèöêîé ÀÝÑ ðàñïîëîæåí â ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè Óêðàèíû.
Ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé âîäîõðàíèëèùå íà ð. Ãíèëîé Ðîã (ëåâûé ïðèòîê ð. Ãîðûíü), ïëîùà-
äüþ îêîëî 20 êì2. Â 2002–2003 ãã. â âîäîåì âñåëèëñÿ ìîëëþñê Dreissena polymorpha
Pallas. Ýòî ïðèâåëî ê ñóùåñòâåííûì èçìåíåíèÿì â ñòðóêòóðå ñîîáùåñòâ. Èìåþùèåñÿ
ìàòåðèàëû çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé 1998–2001 è 2005–2006 ãã. ïîçâîëÿþò ñäåëàòü îïðåäå-
ëåííûå ñðàâíåíèÿ.
Â çîîáåíòîñå âîäîåìà-îõëàäèòåëÿ ÕÀÝÑ äî âñåëåíèÿ äðåéññåíû (1998–2001 ãã.) çàðå-
ãèñòðèðîâàíî íåìíîãèì áîëåå 60 òàêñîíîâ áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ. Íàèáîëüøèì ÷èñëîì òàêñî-
íîâ áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû îëèãîõåòû è õèðîíîìèäû, ïî âñòðå÷àåìîñòè äîìèíèðîâàëè ðà-
êóøêîâûå ðàêè, òóáèôèöèäû è ëè÷èíêè Chironomus plumosus L. Óñðåäíåííûå çíà÷åíèÿ
ïîêàçàòåëåé îáèëèÿ äëÿ âûäåëåííûõ òðåõ áèîöåíîçîâ ñîñòàâëÿëè 13 283 ýêç./ì2, 23,56 ã/ì3.
Äðåéññåíà â äîííûõ ãðóïïèðîâêàõ ïîñåëèëàñü êàê íà ñëó÷àéíûõ òâåðäûõ ñóáñòðàòàõ, òàê
è íà ðàêîâèíàõ æèâûõ è ìåðòâûõ ìîëëþñêîâ-óíèîíèä, à òàêæå íà ðûõëîì ñóáñòðàòå
(ïåñîê, çàèëåííûé ïåñîê). Â öåëîì êîëè÷åñòâî òàêñîíîâ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ïðåäûäóùèì
ïåðèîäîì â äîííûõ ãðóïïèðîâêàõ ìàëî èçìåíèëîñü. Â çàïàäíîì, âîñòî÷íîì è þæíîì
ðàéîíàõ íà ãëóáèíàõ 2–4 ì ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû îñíîâíûå çàïàñû äðåéññåíû äîííûõ ãðóïïèðî-
âîê. Áèîìàññà ñîîáùåñòâ áåíòîñà ñ äîìèíèðîâàíèåì äðåéññåíû â ñðåäíåì ïî âñåé ìåëêî-
âîäíîé çîíå ñîñòàâëÿëà îêîëî 4,9 êã/ì2. Ïðè ýòîì, ïî äàííûì äíî÷åðïàòåëüíûõ ïðîá,
áèîìàññà äðåéññåíû â ðàéîíå âïàäåíèÿ ð. Ãíèëîé Ðîã ñîñòàâëÿëà áîëåå 22 êã/ì2.
Ñóùåñòâåííî èçìåíèëèñü ïîêàçàòåëè çîîïåðèôèòîíà ñ âñåëåíèåì äðåéññåíû. Äî ïåðè-
îäà åå âñåëåíèÿ â ïåðèôèòîíå íà êàìíÿõ, áåòîííûõ îáëèöîâêàõ áûëî îòìå÷åíî áîëåå
60 òàêñîíîâ áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ. Ïîêàçàòåëè ÷èñëåííîñòè äîñòèãàëè 129 000 ýêç./ì2, áèîìàñ-
ñà áûëà îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøîé – óñðåäíåííî äëÿ 6 âûäåëåííûõ áèîöåíîçîâ 74,62 ã/ì2.
Òîëüêî â ñîîáùåñòâàõ Spongilla lacustris, Lymnaea stagnalis + Cricotopus silvestris áèîìàññà
áûëà ïîðÿäêà ñîòåí ã/ì2. Â 2006 ã. â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä ñðåäíÿÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü â çîîïåðèôèòîíå
ñîñòàâëÿëà 60 739 ýêç./ì2, áèîìàññà (áåç ó÷åòà ïåðèôèòîíà, îòâîäÿùåãî ïîäîãðåòóþ âîäó
êàíàëà, â êîòîðîì äðåéññåíà îòñóòñòâîâàëà) ñîñòàâëÿëà 7608 ã/ì2.


Submontaine dam reservoirs and their responses to anthropogenic pressures

http://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/15828/1/094.pdf

Submontaine dam reservoirs and their responses to anthropogenic pressures

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