In order to ensure safety of wind turbine operation and to reduce the occurrence of faults as well as to improve the reliability of wind turbine operation, a vibration monitoring for wind turbine is developed. In this paper, it analyses the enlargement of all the parts of the structure and the working mechanism, the research method of wind turbine operation vibration is introduced, with the focus being the use of the sensor principle. Finally the hardware design and software of this system is introduced and the main function of this system is described, which realizes condition monitoring of the work state of wind turbines

Gong, Wei

Su, Gang

Sun, Hongyue

Wang, Shoubin

English

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)

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Twind powerworld wind th than everal wind eneincluding Tais the first iwn in figureis 44733.29 stalled windd capacity 364.2 MW, city and Gro in the Worlering and Irch 22, 2013 Vibrat   Li2, Wei Going, Tianjin InChina tion, Harbin Ithor, e-mail: w  Abstractine operationeration, a vibrll the parts ofibration is int and softwarizes conditionic accelerationf human su developmeelopment o in the top fy and growt China is dhe United S installed capower unit i after statistirgy council (iwan), the inn the world  2.The accuMW, year-o power unitis 17630.9 Man annual in wth d Fignformatics ; Accepted Aion Mong1, Gang Sstitute of Urbanstitute of Tecsbin800@16 and to reducation monitor the structure roduced, withe of this sys monitoring o sensor, condrvival, but nt and utilf the wind oive of the glh percentageeveloping ratates rankepacity of totnstalled capcs. GWEA) statstalled capain 2010. 200mulative totn-year grow is 11409 inW, the totacrease of 39ure 2. 2001-Capa(IJEEI) pril 16, 201nitoringu1, Hongyun Constructiohnology, Har3.com e the occurreing for wind tuand the work the focus btem is introdf the work staition monitoriis now faciization of tf the word obal total ins of 2006~20pidly, whichd second. Tal have occacity is 238 istics, The ncity is 189271-2011 Chial installed wth of 73.3%, China (incl installed w.4%.  2011 Chinacity of Wind  3  Systee Sun1 n, Tianjin 300bin 150001, Cnce of faults arbine is deveing mechaniseing the use uced and thete of wind turbng  ng energy he major dChina, the Utalled capa11 in the w is the first he United Supied 70% million kW bew installed.99 MW, yena's total insind power  which is alsluding Taiwind power u's Total InstaPower     64  m 384, hina s well loped. m, the of the  main ines. crisis, ifficult nited city of orld is in the tates, of the y the  wind ar-on-talled unit is o the an) in nit is  lled IJEEI ISSN: 2089-3272   Design of Wind Turbine Vibration Monitoring System (Shoubin Wang) 65In this paper, the wind turbine vibration monitoring system is proposed. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the working principle of wind generator. The design of hardware circuit is presented in section 3. Section 4 presents the design of software circuit. Section 5 presents the gray the design of the system object.   2. The Working Principle of Wind Generator The wind generator is included by rotor, variable pitch system, coupling, structure (engine, foundation and tower), gear, gear box, bearing, generators, electric system, control system, sensor, braking system, hydraulic system and yaw system composition. The wind generator can generate electricity by wind, which is in the use of wind power to drive the impeller rotation, which is changed into mechanical energy, again to improve the running speed of the impeller through the drive systems, and then the cabin of a generator transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy, and so on. Driving system consists of main shaft, gear box and part.  From the whole structure, the wind power unit can be divided into two classes: gear box acc type generator, direct drive type generator, and gear box acc type generator is in actual production of gain greater use of space. the structure of direct drive type wind power generation unit is shown in Figure 3.    Figure 3.  The Structure of Direct Drive Type Wind Power Generation Unit   The gear box is the key part to a reliable operationg of wind power unit, whose main function is to realize the transformation of the low speed to high speed. Wind power unit gear box structure is used mostly two forms: planetary wheel form and planetary wheel and parallel shaft form. Big twisting torsion load is generally installed in the low speed shaft gear box, which can transmit to the high speed shaft through the level of planetary gear two stage parallel shaft cylindrical gear,which is transformed into high speed low torque, so as to improve the form of the generator to absorb energy.  Gear box may produce various types of fault in use process, Duing to its under static and dynamic load and its structure and the complication of stress situation. the gear box may produce possible fault in all respects, including the extent of the damage, from the initial production to finished product installation, and the process to the equipment operation and use of different. Gear box of common fault occurs in gear and bearing.    3. Design of Hardware Circuit This paper constructs the wind power generation unit vibration testing system design, to detect wind unit key parts of the gear box operation condition. Wind power unit vibration detection system including vibration sensor, data acquisition circuit and A/D converter, microcontroller, display, and so on.It realizes wind power unit vibration testing system design                  ISSN: 2089-3272  IJEEI  Vol. 1, No. 2,  June 2013 :  64 – 68 66completed. Among them, the vibration sensor will change mechanical vibration quantity into the corresponding charge quantity. Data acquisition circuit will charge for charge conversion and the amplifier amplification, low-pass filtering, and with analog signal output; A/D converter change analog signal into the corresponding digital signal, and finally output in the form of digital signal by single-chip microcomputer and its connections LED digital tube. The wind power unit vibration testing system diagram is shown in Figure 4. The system choses the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, .the sensor is installed in the wind generator in position, and gear box is affected the largest one by vibration relative influence. Charge amplifier circuit is shown in Figure 5.     Figure 4. Wind Power Unit Vibration Testing System Diagram     Figure 5. Charge Amplifier Circuit   It can realize the supply requirements to the circuit operational amplifier, chip and MCU power by the following circuit. We need to transform the normal 220 v alternating current (ac) into 20v. The voltage regulator circuit is shown in Figure 6.     Figure 6. Voltage Regulator Circuit D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0XTAL218XTAL119ALE30EA31PSEN29RST9P0.0/AD0 39P0.1/AD1 38P0.2/AD2 37P0.3/AD3 36P0.4/AD4 35P0.5/AD5 34P0.6/AD6 33P0.7/AD7 32P1.01P1.12P1.23P1.34P1.45P1.56P1.67P1.78P3.0/RXD 10P3.1/TXD 11P3.2/INT0 12P3.3/INT1 13P3.4/T0 14P3.7/RD 17P3.6/WR 16P3.5/T1 15P2.7/A15 28P2.0/A8 21P2.1/A9 22P2.2/A10 23P2.3/A11 24P2.4/A12 25P2.5/A13 26P2.6/A14 27U1OUT1 21ADD B24ADD A25ADD C23VREF(+)12VREF(-)16IN31IN42IN53IN64IN75START 6OUT5 8EOC 7OE 9CLOCK 10OUT2 20OUT7 14OUT6 15OUT8 17OUT4 18OUT3 19IN228IN127IN026ALE22U2ADC0808R1PULLUPPULLUPPULLUPPULLUPPULLUPPULLUPPULLUPX1C122pFC222pFC310uFR910k32184U3:A32184U3:B32184U4:A32184U4:BR10R11R12C4C5C6R13R14R15R17R18R20R21C8C9R19CARID1LED-BLUED2LED-YELLOWQC2C1C3R1R3R4R6R5R7GNDGNDCa RiRi R1C2C1 R1R2R3CVo1234D1T C1C2C3C4D1D2L7815L7915IJEEI ISSN: 2089-3272   Design of Wind Turbine Vibration Monitoring System (Shoubin Wang) 67ADC0809 is eight A/D converters, multiple switch and CMOS components of control logic of microprocessor compatible. It is successive approximation type A/D converter, and can connect single chip microcomputer directly. ADC0809 general requirements input of single polarity of analog signal for single polarity, and the input range of the voltage is 0~5v. In this system, the output signal of sensor will be small, which must carry on the amplification, and can be detected. If necessary, we can set sampling retainer in the front of the input, strengthening the preliminary, avoiding signal distortion. The alarm display circuit is shown in Figure 7. We can display the voltage value converted through connection circuit by the single chip microcomputer with digital display tube. In this system, the gear box first limit: 7.5m/, the second limit: 10m/, so, take the gear box bear limit set to 7.84m/sensor output, thus the biggest voltage is 4v, the output voltage of wind generator can afford for 5v. It displays alarm through the control room when a certain range of numerical display beyond . This system sets respectively two lamp through the single chip P3.4, P3.5 mouth. It displays on blue flashing alarm through the P3.4 when the output voltage threshold 4v, however,it displays on the yellow flashing alarm through the single chip P3.5 mouth when the output voltage lower limit value 1v.    Figure 7. Alarm Display Circuit   4. Design of Software Circuit This system software program including the main program, T0 timer interrupt service routine, A/D data acquisition program, digital tube display program. Main program make a initialization to the system, and then set initially timer, high and low level alarm limit, A/D register, microcomputer A/D began to collect data, and make a comparison between the data and setting value, judging whether there is fault, if no failure, then continue display program, if there is A failure, then immediately alarm display, timely eliminate potential failure.   5. Design of the System Object The design of the system object is shown in Figure 8. In the real display of this system, power light is in red display. It simulation voltage amplitude converted by wind power unit vibration sensor using potentiometer, It increases four manual of high and low pressure alarm value, which can meet the wind power unit in the different situations of high and low voltage alarm value set demand, also increases the buzzer high pressure alarm.     Figure 8. Design of the System Object                  ISSN: 2089-3272  IJEEI  Vol. 1, No. 2,  June 2013 :  64 – 68 686. Conclusion In this paper, the wind turbine operation vibration was introduced, with the focus being the use of the sensor principle. The hardware design and software of this system was also introduced and then the main function of this system was described, which realizes condition monitoring of the work state of wind turbines.   Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Tianjin Science and Technology Development Foundation for Colleges and Universities (No.20110713).   References [1] Amirat Y, Bensaker Meh，Wamkeue R. Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Wind Energy Conversion Systems: a Review [C]//. Proceedings of the International Electric Machines and Drive Conference. 2007: 1434-1439. [2] TANG Xinan, XIE Zhiming, WU Jinqiang. Fault diagnosis of gearbox for wind turbine. Journal of Noise and Vibration Control. 2007; (1). [3] Johan Ribrant, L Bertling. Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on Swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005. Energy Conversion. 2007; 22(1): 167-173. [4] SONG Hua, ZHANG Hong-bin, WANG Xing-ren. Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis Based on T-S Model. Control and Decision. 2005; 20(8): 854-859. [5] YAO Cheng-yu, ZHAO Jing-yi. Research on Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis Method for Hydraulic System Based on T-S model. China Mechanical Engineering. 2009; 20(16): 1913-1917. [6] SONG Lei. Measurement and Statistical Analysis of Wind Turbine Failure. Baoding: North China Electric Power University. 2009. [7] Hameed Z, Hong Y, Cho Y, et al．Condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines and related algorithms; a review．Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2009; 13(1): 1-39． [8] PJ Tavner, et al. Reliability Analysis for Wind Turbines. Journal of Wind Energy. 2006; 10(1): 1-18. 

Design of Wind Turbine Vibration Monitoring System

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Design of Wind Turbine Vibration Monitoring System

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Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)