Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli uurida, kuidas erinevad viljelusviisid mõjutavad
kartulisordi ’Reet’ saaki ja kvaliteeti, mugulate nitraadi- ja tärklisesisaldust, põrutustele
vastupanuvõimet, kartulimugulate tumenemist ning kartulikasvatuse majanduslikke näitajaid.
Katses võrreldi neljas korduses olevat 6 erinevat kartulitootmise katsevarianti: 1. üleminek
mahedale 2. üleminek mahedale + sõnnik 3. N0P0K0, 4. N50P25K95 5. N100P25K95 6. N150P25K95
Magistritöö on koostatud võrdluskatse ning kirjanduse allikate baasil. Katse korraldati Eesti
Maaülikooli taimekasvatuse ja rohumaaviljeluse osakonna katsepõldudel Eerikal 2009 ja 2010
aastal.
Uurimustöö tulemusena leiti, et erinevate väetisnormide mõju mugulasaagile oli märgatav.
Samas mõjus lämmastikukoguse järjest suurenev suurus negatiivselt kartulimugulate
kulinaarsetele omadustele. Näiteks tärklisesisaldus oli tavatootmise variantide mugulatel
väiksem kui ülemineku järgus olevatel mahevariantidel. Nitraatide sisaldus oli tavavariantide
puhul kõrgem kui üleminek mahevariantidel. Mugulate tumenemiskatsetest selgus, et
väetamine võib suurel määral muuta mugulate kvaliteeti ning väljanägemist.
Taimekaitsevahendite ja väetiste kasutamine taimekasvatuses aitavad kaasa suurema
kaubandusliku saagi saamiseks. Majanduslikust tasuvusuuringust selgus, et tavavariantide
puhul tõstab tulukust järjest kasvav saagikus ja üleminek mahevariantidel kõrgem toodangu
realiseerimise hind.
Põhjalikumate tulemuste saamiseks on vajalikud edasised uuringud.The main objective of this Master’s thesis was to evaluate the impact of conventional and
organic production on the yield and quality of the potato variety ’Reet’ and to determine the
nutrient concentrations of potato as well as the content of starch and nitrates (NO3
-
). The
potato tuber darkening and resistance to damages were also examined. Another objective of
the thesis was to assess the expenditure and revenue, and profitability with and without
financial support.
In the field experiment six different farming systems in four replications were studied. The
used variety was ‘Reet’. The six farming systems were conversion to organic, conversion to
organic + manure fertilizer, N0P0K0, N50P25K95, N100P25K95 and N150P25K95.
Master thesis is based on the experiment and literarture. The field experiment was carried out
in 2009 and 2010 at Eerika fields belonging to the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences of the Estonian University of Life Sciences.
As a result, it was found that diferent rates of fertilizers increased noticeably tuber yields. On
the other hand, increasing nitrogen content in tubers influenced negatively the culinary
characteristics. Tuber nitrate contents (NO3
-
) were higher under conventional production in
which mineral fertilizers were used compared to conversion to organic systems. The tuber
darkening results shows that fertilization can greatly change the appearance and quality of the
tubers. The use of pesticides during plant growth helps to increase marketable yield. On the
one hand, high selling price increases the profitability of organic production. On the other
hand, continuously increasing yield (t/ha) raises profitability in conventional production.
Future investigations are necessary to give more precise results
