Rozdział z: Functioning of the Local Production Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries and Siberia. Case Studies and Comparative Studies, ed. Mariusz E. Sokołowicz.Political and economic transformations which started at the beginning of the 1990s launched a series of reforms in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which laid foundations for democratic structures of the state, including local self-government. The paper draws attention to conditions and mechanisms that have shaped self-government structures in Poland and in the Russian Federation. Considerations focus, first of all, on the construction, or, in the case of Poland, restitution of the structure of territorial self-government and the scope of its activities, indicating main resources of their funding.Monograph financed under a contract of execution of the international scientific project within 7th Framework Programme of the European Union, co-financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (title: “Functioning of the Local Production Systems in the Conditions of Economic Crisis (Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking for the EU and Beyond”)). Monografia sfinansowana w oparciu o umowę o wykonanie projektu między narodowego w ramach 7. Programu Ramowego UE, współfinansowanego ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (tytuł projektu: „Funkcjonowanie lokalnych systemów produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (analiza porównawcza i benchmarking w wybranych krajach UE oraz krajach trzecich”))