This paper deals with the questions of cognitive impairment in patients with signs of premature aging. Within the framework of this paper, it is shown that patients with a "negative" variant of the biological age have lower cognitive abilities than those with a "positive" variant of biological age. It is determined that nutritional support in patients with a "negative" variant of biological age ensures almost the same scores in the evaluation of cognitive functions, as in patients with a "positive" version of biological ag