Vieira, Alexandre R

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New directions in cariology research.

Alexandre R. Vieira

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International Journal of Dentistry

New Directions in Cariology Research

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Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of DentistryVolume 2010, Article ID 525417, 2 pagesdoi:10.1155/2010/525417EditorialNew Directions in Cariology ResearchAlexandre R. VieiraDepartment of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USACorrespondence should be addressed to Alexandre R. Vieira, arv11@pitt.eduReceived 25 July 2010; Accepted 25 July 2010Copyright © 2010 Alexandre R. Vieira. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.Although there has been more than 100 years since Millerfirst postulated about the caries etiopathogenesis, this diseaseremains the most prevalent noncontagious infectious diseasein humans. It is clear that the current approaches todecrease the prevalence of caries in human populations,including water fluoridation and school-based programs, arenot enough to protect everyone. The US National Institutesof Health Consensus Development Program released astatement in 2001 entitled “Diagnosis and Management ofDental Caries Throughout Life: (NIH Consensus statementOnline 2001 March 26–28; 18(1): 1–24) and listed six majorclinical caries research directions.(i) The “epidemiology of primary and secondary caries”needs to be systematically studied with populationcohort studies that collect information on naturalhistory, treatment, and outcomes across the agespectrum.(ii) Research into “diagnostic methods”, including estab-lished and new devices and techniques, is needed.Development of standardized methods of calibratingexaminers is also needed.(iii) “Clinical trials” of established and new treatmentmethods are needed. These should conform tocontemporary standards of design, implementation,analysis, and reporting. They should include trials ofeﬃcacy.(iv) Systematic research on caries “risk assessment” isneeded using population-based cohort techniques.(v) Studies of “clinical practice” including eﬀectiveness,quality of care, outcomes, health-related quality oflife, and appropriateness of care are needed.(vi) “Genetic” studies are necessary to identify genesand genetic markers of diagnostic, prognostic, andtherapeutic value.This Special Issue is a sample of the current researcheﬀorts addressing a subset of the topics described above. Iwould like to thank the authors for their excellent contri-butions, in addition to many colleagues who assisted me inthe peer-review process. Finally, I would like to thank thesupport provided by my Guest Editors, Dr. Marilia Buzalaf,from the University of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, and Dr. FigenSeymen, from the Istanbul University, Turkey.On the topic of “epidemiology and caries risk assess-ment” F. J. S. Pieralisi et al., K. K. Ma¨kinen, J. Vanobbergenet al., M. Okada et al., M. Ferraro and A. K. Vieira, A. P.Dasanayake et al., and J. D. Ruby et al. provide diﬀerentperspectives to the problem which are good examples ofhow diﬃcult is to study this multifaceted disease in a morecomprehensive fashion.There is currently great interest in “diagnostic methods,”and the use of technology to diﬀerentiate diseased andhealthy tissue, as well as to provide care. Diﬀerent aspectsof diagnostic and treatment approaches are addressed by S.Umemori et al., M. Aspiras et al., J. Wu et al., L. Karlsson, M.Yildirim et al., and A. Huminicki et al.The biggest challenge continues to be designing rigorousclinical trials that can provide conclusive answers relatedto approaches that more eﬀectively control caries at thesegments of the population with higher risk for developingthe disease.I invite you to read, evaluate, and share this collectionof 13 papers that comprise this special issue. Furthermore,I hope the readers will be interested in participating more2 International Journal of Dentistryactively in this debate of what approaches are more eﬃcientto revert the current figures of caries prevalence and whataspects of this disease should be the focus of research in thecoming years.Alexandre R. VieiraSubmit your manuscripts athttp://www.hindawi.comHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Oral OncologyJournal ofDentistryInternational Journal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014International Journal ofBiomaterialsHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014BioMed Research InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Case Reports in DentistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Oral ImplantsJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Anesthesiology Research and PracticeHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Radiology Research and PracticeEnvironmental and Public HealthJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Dental SurgeryJournal ofDrug DeliveryJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Oral DiseasesJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Computational and  Mathematical Methods in MedicineScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Preventive MedicineAdvances inHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014EndocrinologyInternational Journal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014OrthopedicsAdvances in

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Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of DentistryVolume 2010, Article ID 525417, 2 pagesdoi:10.1155/2010/525417EditorialNew Directions in Cariology ResearchAlexandre R. VieiraDepartment of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USACorrespondence should be addressed to Alexandre R. Vieira, arv11@pitt.eduReceived 25 July 2010; Accepted 25 July 2010Copyright © 2010 Alexandre R. Vieira. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.Although there has been more than 100 years since Millerfirst postulated about the caries etiopathogenesis, this diseaseremains the most prevalent noncontagious infectious diseasein humans. It is clear that the current approaches todecrease the prevalence of caries in human populations,including water fluoridation and school-based programs, arenot enough to protect everyone. The US National Institutesof Health Consensus Development Program released astatement in 2001 entitled “Diagnosis and Management ofDental Caries Throughout Life: (NIH Consensus statementOnline 2001 March 26–28; 18(1): 1–24) and listed six majorclinical caries research directions.(i) The “epidemiology of primary and secondary caries”needs to be systematically studied with populationcohort studies that collect information on naturalhistory, treatment, and outcomes across the agespectrum.(ii) Research into “diagnostic methods”, including estab-lished and new devices and techniques, is needed.Development of standardized methods of calibratingexaminers is also needed.(iii) “Clinical trials” of established and new treatmentmethods are needed. These should conform tocontemporary standards of design, implementation,analysis, and reporting. They should include trials ofefficacy.(iv) Systematic research on caries “risk assessment” isneeded using population-based cohort techniques.(v) Studies of “clinical practice” including effectiveness,quality of care, outcomes, health-related quality oflife, and appropriateness of care are needed.(vi) “Genetic” studies are necessary to identify genesand genetic markers of diagnostic, prognostic, andtherapeutic value.This Special Issue is a sample of the current researchefforts addressing a subset of the topics described above. Iwould like to thank the authors for their excellent contri-butions, in addition to many colleagues who assisted me inthe peer-review process. Finally, I would like to thank thesupport provided by my Guest Editors, Dr. Marilia Buzalaf,from the University of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, and Dr. FigenSeymen, from the Istanbul University, Turkey.On the topic of “epidemiology and caries risk assess-ment” F. J. S. Pieralisi et al., K. K. Ma¨kinen, J. Vanobbergenet al., M. Okada et al., M. Ferraro and A. K. Vieira, A. P.Dasanayake et al., and J. D. Ruby et al. provide differentperspectives to the problem which are good examples ofhow difficult is to study this multifaceted disease in a morecomprehensive fashion.There is currently great interest in “diagnostic methods,”and the use of technology to differentiate diseased andhealthy tissue, as well as to provide care. Different aspectsof diagnostic and treatment approaches are addressed by S.Umemori et al., M. Aspiras et al., J. Wu et al., L. Karlsson, M.Yildirim et al., and A. Huminicki et al.The biggest challenge continues to be designing rigorousclinical trials that can provide conclusive answers relatedto approaches that more effectively control caries at thesegments of the population with higher risk for developingthe disease.I invite you to read, evaluate, and share this collectionof 13 papers that comprise this special issue. Furthermore,I hope the readers will be interested in participating more2 International Journal of Dentistryactively in this debate of what approaches are more efficientto revert the current figures of caries prevalence and whataspects of this disease should be the focus of research in thecoming years.Alexandre R. Vieira

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New directions in cariology research.

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