Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

International Center for Tropical Agriculture

International Livestock Research Institute

Stockholm Environment Institute

English

CGSpace

CLEANED Toola minimum data tool for rapid ex-ante impact assessment of productivity, nitrogen balance, soil erosion, GHG emissions1CLEANED Training Nairobi 21st – 23rdNovember 2018Objectives(i) Understanding CLEANED model (ii)Model a livestock enterprise system(iii)Model a livestock enterprise system under different scenarios ProgramDay 1• Environmental assessments • Understanding CLEANED• Hands on with the toolDay 2• Data• Conversions• Parameters• Your own farming systemsDay 3• Scenarios • Final Presentations • What’s your name?• Where have you travelled from?• What’s your job?• Describe briefly what you expect from this trainingIntroductionCLEANED Toola minimum data tool for rapid ex-ante impact assessment of productivity, nitrogen balance, soil erosion, GHG emissions2Environmental assessments • Why this tool• What is CLEANED• Who is it CLEANED for?• What questions can you ask CLEANED?Why this tool• Why do we need to look at the environmental impact of livestock systems?• What problems can we encounter when trying to evaluate environmental impact of livestock systems?• Who does this matter to?Africa’s Livestock revolution FAO, 2006Since 1962, consumption of milk 2x, meat 3x and eggs 5x (developing countries)Herrero et al, 2008By 2050 the demand for meat, milk, eggs will have doubledMeat and milk in developing countries is predominantly produced in mixed crop-livestock systems, although productivity is still lowPhoto Brigitte MaassRising demand ~ ready marketLivestock is importantFor PEOPLE• Employment, income • Economy• Food and nutrition• Cultural value• Resilience and risk managementAnd the PLANET• Biggest land user • Natural resources:• Manure, SOC, biodiversity, energy, …• GHGe, water use and pollution, fishmeal9 FAO 2016; Gerber et al. 2007; Herrero et al. 2008; Herrero et al. 2013; LID 1999; Thornton et al. 2002; Thornton and Herrero 2008; Rosegrant et al 2009; Worldbank 2009  17 billion domestic animals1.3 billion people employed in livestock VCs 600 million poor livestock keepers (2/3 women)70% demand increase 2005-2030Sector value >1.4 trillion USD; growth rate 2.5%Constitutes about 40% of agricultural GDPFood for at least 830 million food insecure people 17% of kilocalorie and 33% of protein consumptionVitamin A, B-12, riboflavin, calcium, iron and zinc 26% = rangeland, 33% of cropland for fodder32% of global water consumption 60% of cropping area receives manure application 14.5% of human-induced GHG emissionsOpportunities & ChallengesWhat is CLEANED?Comprehensive Livestock Environmental Assessment for Improved Nutrition, a Secured Environment and Sustainable Development along Livestock and Fish Value Chains“A rapid ex-ante environmental impact assessment tool that allows users to explore multiple impacts of developing livestock value chains.”What is CLEANEDThe CLEANED tool lets users explore multiple impacts of developing livestock value chains in explicit ways. It models the impact of intensifying livestock along multiple pathways:Land requirementsProductivityEconomicsSoil ImpactsWater impactsGHG emissionsWho will be using CLEANED?• What is their job?• Where does it fit into the job role?• Who will be their audience?What is CLEANED?What questions do you want to answer?• Implementing technologies• Soil impacts in an area• Alternative processes or practices• GHG emissions• Land use• Water impactshttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/97557CLEANED Toola minimum data tool for rapid ex-ante impact assessment of productivity, nitrogen balance, soil erosion, GHG emissions3Understanding Systems• What is a system19What is a systemUnderstanding CLEANED• The CLEANED process• The architecture22The ArchitectureUserCalculationsInputs Outputs  GroupReportsSummary and IndividualMultiple tabsArchitecture: CLEANED toolsCLEANED toolINPUT tabParameterModel ParametersMultiple tabsCalculationsBack end calculationsMultiple tabsThe processThe CLEANED tool process comprises of 2 stages, the first stage is to collect and input the baseline data and the next step is to generate reports for different scenarios of how the livestock production systems might changeLocation Define locationLocation Define locationLivestock Describe systemLocation Define locationDescribe Practices and Value Chain e.g. grazing / rural to rural marketLivestock Describe systemLocation Define locationStep 1Describe Practices and Value Chain e.g. grazing / rural to rural marketCalculate environmental baselines along value ChainLivestock Describe systemThe CalculationsN Balance• NUTOMSoil Erosion• RUSSLEWater • Evapotranspiration (ET)Economics• ROI/ IRR• Payback periodProductivity • 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ∑𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦∗ 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑. + ∑𝐿𝑖𝑣. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦𝑗 ∗𝑙𝑖𝑣. 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑GHG • 2006 IPPC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.Intervention 1Location Define locationStep 2Step 1Describe Practices and Value Chain e.g. grazing / rural to rural marketCalculate environmental baselines along Value ChainDescribe interventionsDescribe likely changes in inputs and parameters andCalculate environmental impacts along the Value ChainWaterLandGreenhouse gases EconomicLivestock Describe systemIntervention 2Intervention 1Location Define locationStep 2Step 1Describe Practices and Value Chain e.g. grazing / rural to rural marketCalculate environmental baselines along Value ChainDescribe interventionsDescribe likely changes in inputs and parameters andCalculate environmental impacts along the Value ChainWaterLandGreenhouse gases EconomicLivestock Describe systemIntervention 2Intervention 1Location Define locationStep 2Step 1Describe Practices and Value Chain e.g. grazing / rural to rural marketCalculate environmental baselines along Value ChainDescribe interventionsDescribe likely changes in inputs and parameters andCalculate environmental impacts along the Value ChainWaterLandGreenhouse gases EconomicLivestock Describe systemResults overviewProductivityWater ImpactsSummaryLand requirementsSoil impactsEconomicsGHG gasesSummaryWhat do the outputs mean?CLEANED Toola minimum data tool for rapid ex-ante impact assessment of productivity, nitrogen balance, soil erosion, GHG emissions4Hands on with the tool37DescriptorsInputInputs data inputexpert opinion or observationconversationInputs overviewexpert opinion or observationconversationINPUTS section fourINPUTS section threeINPUTS section twoINPUTS section oneAgroecology Land, Soil & ClimateseasonsLivestock Numbers, Manure & WasteFeeding Feed basketProduction Crop residue, inputsand riceEconomics Labor hours, costs for establishment and operationsINPUTS section five• Planting date long rain: the day of the year when planting starts in the first wet season• Harvest date long rain: the day of the year when harvesting starts in the first wet season • Planting date short rain: the day of the year when planting starts in the first wet season• Harvest date short rain: the day of the year when harvesting starts in the first wet seasonInputs section oneAgroecology Land, Soil & ClimateseasonsInputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & Waste• Herd composition: the number of animals in this category• Annual milk production: the total annual milk production (taking into account variances due to lactation period, etc).  This information is only provided for the relevant livestock types (e.g. not for the poultry or the male cattle)• Livestock leaving the farm: the number of livestock of this type that leave the farm, through e.g. sale or giftInputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & Waste• Time spent in the stable: the fraction of the day that an animal of this type normally spends inside a stable; a stable is any structure where there is some form of  closed space, and where the manure that is produced by the livestock remains away from the outside natural elements until it is collected and displaced.• Time spent in yard: a yard is therein defined as an enclosure or tethering area where the manure produced in that area is subject to the elements• Time spent  grazing pasture/field on-farm• Time spent grazing off-farm:  the value in this column calculated on the values you have input in the previous three columns.  It is assumed that all time not spent in the stable, the yard or grazing on-farm, is spent grazing off-farm Inputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & Waste• Collection of manure in stable: which fraction of the manure that is produced in the stable is collected vs. left on the floor• Collection of manure in yard: which fraction of the manure produced in the yard is collected vs. left on the soil• Collection of manure in fields/pasture: which fraction of the manure produced in the field or on the pasture is collected vs. left on the soil• On-farm manure used as fertilizer: in many farms, the manure is not only collected and stored but also used for fertilizing crops.  Here you are asked to indicate which fraction of the collected manure is used as fertilizer.Inputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & Waste• solid storage: The storage of manure, typically for a period of several months, in unconfined piles or stacks. Manure is able to be stacked due to the presence of a sufficient amount of bedding material or loss of moisture by evaporation. • dry lot: A paved or unpaved open confinement area without any significant vegetative cover where accumulating manure may be removed periodically. • pasture/range/paddock: The manure from pasture and range grazing animals is allowed to lie as deposited, and is not managed.Inputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & Waste• annual purchase of animal manure: if manure is bought, indicate here how much.  This is expressed in kg N/year.  E.g. • annual purchase of compost: if compost is bought, indicate here how much• annual purchase of other organic N additions: if any other organic sources of N are bought, indicate here how much• annual purchase of bedding materials• annual “sales” of home-produced manure:Inputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & Waste• waste – milk and meat  production• waste – milk and meat  distribution• waste – milk and meat  processing• waste – milk and meat consumption• Total: the total loss is calculated based on your input in the four waste cells above.Inputs section twoLivestock Numbers, Manure & WasteInputs section threeFeeding Feed basketYou start by selecting up to 7 different feed items.  You simply pick the relevant ones from the drop-down lists that are found in the local dairy cow row (row 62).  In the cell under the selected feed item, you indicate the % of the total feed basket that is made up by this feed item.  This % is in terms of dry matter. Make sure the %s add up to 100%Inputs section threeFeeding Feed basketInputs section threeFeeding Feed basketYou start by selecting up to 7 different feed items.  You simply pick the relevant ones from the drop-down lists that are found in the local dairy cow row (row 62).  In the cell under the selected feed item, you indicate the % of the total feed basket that is made up by this feed item.  This % refers to the % “as fed”. Make sure the %s add up to 100%Inputs section fourProduction Crop residue, inputsand rice• Land cover: the crop will determine the land cover. i.e. for beans the cover crop is “pulses”. In most cases, the user will select among “maize, cereals, pulses, dense or degraded grass”. In the case of tuber crops, it is suggested to select either “cereals “ or “pulses”. • Slope: this in an estimation of the degree of the slope from flat to extremely steep. The steeper the more erosion there will be.• Length of slope: Inputs section fourProduction Crop residue, inputsand rice• Residue removal from field: the fraction of the totally produced crop residues that is removed from the field for feeding animals or for other purposes. • Residue burnt: the fraction of the totally produced crop residues that is burntInputs section fourProduction Crop residue, inputsand riceFor each crop associated with feed items:• Fertilizer rate: this is expressed in kg N/ha and thus requires conversionsThis information is used for calculating nutrient balances and N2O emissions from each fieldThe purchased inorganic fertilizers:• Per type (Urea, CAN, DAP, NPK and Lime) state the total amounts of the different fertilizers per farm and year (not per ha, not per crop). Inputs section fourProduction Crop residue, inputsand riceThis section only has to be filled out if there is Rice in the feed basket• Harvest area: calculated from the information provided above• Cultivation period: number of days the rice cultivation takes• Rice ecosystem type: select from the drop-down list• Water regime prior to rice cultivation: select from the drop-down list• Organic amendment inputs: select from the drop-down list• Rate of application: filled out based on information provided aboveInputs section fourProduction Crop residue, inputsand rice• Herd size: calculated from the information provided above and baseline model • Operational cost: amount needed for implementing new technology• Extra labor: labor hours needed for implementing new technology• Description: short description describing what cost are being calculatedInputs section FiveEconomics Labor hours, costs for establishment and operationsThis section only has to be filled out if looking at implementing new technologies or management systems• Herd size: calculated from the information provided above and baseline model • Establishment cost: initial capital needed for the new technology• Operational cost: amount needed for implementing new technology• Establishment labor: initial capital hours needed for implementing new technology Extra labor: labor hours needed for implementing new technology• Description: short description describing what cost are being calculatedInputs section FiveEconomics Labor hours, costs for establishment and operations• Hectares Area/ Kg DM: calculated from the information provided above and baseline model • Operational cost: amount needed for implementing new technology• Extra labor: labor hours needed for implementing new technology• Description: short description describing what cost are being calculatedInputs section FiveEconomics Labor hours, costs for establishment and operationsInputs section FiveEconomics Labor hours, costs for establishment and operations• Hectares/ kg DM: calculated from the information provided above and baseline model • Establishment cost: initial capital needed for the new technology• Operational cost: amount needed for implementing new technology• Establishment labor: initial capital hours needed for implementing new technology Extra labor: labor hours needed for implementing new technology• Description: short description describing what cost are being calculated• Other: technology not related to feed or herd size • Establishment cost: initial capital needed for the new technology• Operational cost: amount needed for implementing new technology• Establishment labor: initial capital hours needed for implementing new technology Extra labor: labor hours needed for implementing new technology• Description: short description describing what cost are being calculatedInputs section FiveEconomics Labor hours, costs for establishment and operations

CLEANED Tool: a minimum data tool for rapid ex-ante impact assessment of productivity, nitrogen balance, soil erosion, GHG emissions

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CLEANED Tool: a minimum data tool for rapid ex-ante impact assessment of productivity, nitrogen balance, soil erosion, GHG emissions

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