Massive Maternal Dying during Childbirth and Confinement in Bjelovar and its Surroundings in the 19th Century

Abstract

Maternalni pomor tijekom 19. stoljeća u Bjelovaru i okolnim selima bio je povezan s nestručnim domicilnim porođajima te zdravstvenom neprosvijećenošću, posebice u ruralnim naseljima, usprkos ustrojenoj zdravstvenoj skrbi i zaštiti materinstva u pojedinim selima Varaždinskoga generalata i kasnije Bjelovarsko- križevačke županije. Zamjetan je manji maternalni pomor u gradu Bjelovaru, gdje je postojala ustrojena primaljska skrb od početka postojanja grada uz bolničku službu liječnika, kirurga i magistara porodništva. Visok maternalni pomor (trudnica, rodilja i babinjača), posebice domicilni, pratio je još veći pomor novorođenčadi, što je bio golem javnozdravstveni problem. Iz matica umrlih bjelovarske župe i okolnih župa razaznaje se pomor mladih žena s najčešće upisanim uzrokom smrti: in partu, in puerperio, dok se u bjelovarskoj Bolnici spominju smrti s definiranim uzrokom smrti (npr. ruptura uteri, sepsis, hydrops).Massive maternal dying during the 19th century in Bjelovar and the surrounding villages was connected with non-professional domicile childbirths and ignorance in connection with healthcare, particularly in rural settlements, despite the existence of organised healthcare and maternity protection in some of the villages in the Varaždin Military District, and later the Bjelovar-Križevci County. Maternal dying of a lesser scale had since the founding of the town of Bjelovar been recorded there; the town had an organised midwifery care including hospital medical service, surgeons and masters of obstetrics. The high rate of maternal dying (expecting mothers, parturient women, and women in confinement), particularly domicile, was accompanied by an even larger massive dying of the new-borns, which created a huge public healthcare problem. The registries of death of the Bjelovar County and the surrounding counties hold record of a massive dying of young women mainly due to the cause of death being in partu, in puerperio. In the Bjelovar hospital, deaths with defined causes (e.g. ruptura uteri, sepsis, hydrops) were recorded

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