Oubre, Cherie

Shelhamer, Mark

English

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The Human Research Program Suite of 
Integrated One-year Mission Experiments: 
Description and Integration
Mark Shelhamer
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
Cherie Oubre
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX 
30 January 2020
HRP IWS
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20200001331 2020-03-28T18:56:20+00:00Z
Why One-Year Missions?
• Assumed (optimistic)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
• Worse
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
• Worst-case
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
• No number of six-month flights will tell us that we can send people to Mars 
with a reasonable expectation of maintaining health, safety, and 
performance.
• One-year ISS missions can reduce uncertainty.
• Identify and study aspects of human health and performance that can 
benefit from one-year missions.
Integrated One-Year Mission (i1YM) Solicitation
NRA: HERO 80JSC017N0001-BPBA App C
Proposals submitted April 2018, selection October 31, 2018
Topic #1:  Analyses of the Temporal Nature of Human Adaptation to Long-
Duration Low-Earth Orbit Missions Virtual NASA Specialized Center of 
Research (VNSCOR)
Targeted crewmembers:
• One-year missions (n=10)
• Six-month missions (n=10) paralleling year-long expeditions
• Short-duration up to two-months (n=10) vehicle exchange expeditions
What does “integrated” mean:?
• Consistent set of measures across concurrent expeditions of three different 
durations on ISS (i.e., up to 2 months, six months and 1 year) to identify 
trends in adaptations to human health and performance and needs to be 
right sized so each crewmember can participate in all measures
• The short and six-month mission data will supplement the results for the 
one-year measures to develop the time course of the responses
• Individual proposals selected to become elements of integrated VNSCOR
Spaceflight Standard Measures (SSM)
• i1YMP proposers are encouraged to maximize use of the Spaceflight 
Standard Measures project as a fundamental resource when developing 
research methods
• Inflight times: FD30SML, FD150ML, R-30L (S=2mo, M=6mo, L=1yr)
• Includes: 
• Biochemical Measures: pre/in/post blood, pre/post urine
• Cellular Profile: pre/in (mid/late)/post ambient blood & saliva
• Microbiome: pre/in/post body/fecal/saliva
• HFBP: pre/in/post cognition, surveys, actigraphy
• Sensorimotor: pre/post Field Test subset
• Cardiovascular: pre/post carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT)
Standard Measures mapped to HRP Risks
Risks addressed by the Spaceflight Standard Measures project
Altered Gravity Level
• Vision alterations
• Renal stone formation
• Sensorimotor alterations
• Bone fracture
• Reduced muscle mass, 
strength
• Reduced aerobic capacity
• Adverse host-
microorganism interactions
• Urinary retention
• Orthostatic intolerance
• Back pain
• Cardiac rhythm problems
Radiation
• Exposure to space 
radiation
Distance from Earth
• Limited in-flight 
medical capabilities
• Toxic medications
Isolation
• Adverse cognitive or 
behavioral conditions
• Performance & 
behavioral health 
decrements
Environment–Spacecraft 
Design
• Inadequate food/nutrition
• Human-system interaction
• Injury from dynamic loads
• Injury during EVA
• Celestial dust exposure
• Altered immune response
• Hypobaric hypoxia
• Sleep loss & work overload
• Decompression sickness
• Toxic exposure
• Hearing loss
• Sunlight exposure
Integrated One-Year Mission Selected Studies
Cranial Optical Axis
Macias - Investigating Structure and Function of the Eye (SANS)
Basner - Temporal Nature of Cognitive and Visuospatial Brain Domain Changes during Long-
Duration Low-Earth Orbit Missions 
Zhang - Characterizing the Baselines of Sleep Quality, Cognitive / Operational Performance, 
Immune Function, and Intracranial Fluids  for Deep Space Expeditions (SANS/Immune) 
Human Performance Integration
Norcross - Validation of Fitness for Duty Standards Using Pre- and Post-Flight Capsule Egress 
and Suited Functional Performance Tasks in Simulated Reduced Gravity
Downs - Temporal changes in astronauts muscle and cardiorespiratory physiology pre, during, 
and post spaceflight (CM efficiency and subsystem interrogation)
Shelhamer - Assessment of Otolith Function and Asymmetry as a Corollary to Critical 
Sensorimotor Performance in Missions of Various Durations
Reschke - Neuro-Vestibular Examination During and After Spaceflight (Vestibular Health) 
Bouxsein - Time Course of Spaceflight-Induced Adaptations in Bone Morphology, Bone Strength 
and Muscle Quality
Boyd - The effect of long-duration space flight on bone microarchitecture and strength using 
three-dimensional high-resolution imaging (CSA)
Romaniello - Evaluating Resistive Exercise as a Long-term Countermeasure for Spaceflight-
induced Bone Loss Using Calcium Isotopes
Liphardt - Joint health during a 1-year mission to the ISS - an assessment of exploration 
relevance (DLR)
Hughson - Manifestations of spaceflight-induced sub-clinical cardiovascular disease as a long-
term health risk (CSA Vascular)
Arbeille - Preventive Medical Ultrasound Investigation of Organs Potentially Affected by 
Prolongated Exposure to Microgravity (CNES)
Bailey - Telomeres and the One Year Mission Project
Levine - Coronary Anatomy and Physiology During 1 Year in Space Bone/Muscle
Cardiovascular
Sensorimotor
SANS
Cognition
Why Integration?
Meeting the health-related challenges of human space exploration requires that one 
abandon any model of the human body that has the muscles, bones, heart and brain 
acting independently. Body parts will not travel on exploration missions. Instead, the 
individual space traveler’s body must be viewed realistically, with all parts connected and 
fully interacting. (White & Averner (2001) Humans in space. Nature 409:1115-1118.)
• Avoid conflicts between studies that might impact science
• Identify synergies between studies
• increase science return
• identify redundancies
• share resources
• find common contributing factors
• find common countermeasures
• Ensure that associated data are made available to investigators
• ISS Standard Measures
• metadata (environmental, operational)
• medical (if possible)
• Analyze combined data from all studies
• check on data quality
• cross-disciplinary results
• identify outliers ( examine related operational or environmental conditions)
Current and Forward Plans
• The Research Operations and Implementation (ROI) team is 
working the integration and implementation activities for the i1YM
• Currently, the first i1YM subject will launch No Earlier Than July 
2021.  Delays may be caused by commercial crew mission 
schedules and i1YM hardware development activities
• The launch/return of the first subject is planned on a commercial 
crew vehicle
• Focus areas for integration:
• Crew time – need to be able to perform all testing within the crew time 
limits for pre, in, and post-flight
• Blood limits – need to minimize blood requirements to stay with in blood 
volume limits
• Potential conflicts with Med Ops/other experiments
Obstacles to Integration
• Silos, Stovepipes
• Scientific, Institutional
• iPRR 
• Problem is not unique to HRP 
or NASA
• It is changing
• CBS portfolio
• Standard measures
• IMPALA
• Need to be systematic in 
identifying interactions
• Opportunity with i1YM to 
start in the planning stages
Integration in the Planning Stage
• (ROI does logistical integration [excellently])
• Enable communication and file sharing
• OneDrive
• Slack
• Help arrange data sharing (including IRBs)
• Identify cross-disciplinary synergies (and 
conflicts)
• Identify relevant metadata and standard-
measures data
• Initial approach
• Text analytics on proposals (or reference lists) for common 
cited studies, common keywords and phrases, and common 
concepts
• Network formulation to identify connections and critical hubs 
(highly interconnected ideas)
• Incorporate metadata and standard measures
Integration in the Analysis Stage
• Obtain data across all studies
• Arrange data sharing to avoid preemptive publication or release
• May have opportunities for internal NASA briefings on interim findings
• Goals
• Find possible redundant measures or synergies
• Look for outliers that might indicate the need to examine a related 
operational or environmental condition
• Close the loop from HRP measures back to mission impacts
• Allow early identification of measures with operational impact that might help in 
rapid design of countermeasures
• Analysis procedures
• Cross-correlations between measures
• Factor analysis to identify measures related by a common underlying factor
• Principal component analysis to identify minimal sets of measures that span 
the physiological space
• Cluster analysis and network analysis to visualize relationships
• Supervised machine learning to predict future time course
Spares
Spaceflight Standard Measures
ISS – 12-month mission
Pre-flight In-flight Post-flight
Actigraphy w/ sleep logs (2 
weeks each) (L-180, L-90) Actigraphy (continuous)
Actigraphy w/ sleep logs (2 
weeks) (R+0-14)
Personality Survey  (anytime 
preflight)
Sleep Quality/Team Questionnaire 
(monthly) Cellular Profile Survey  (R+15)
Cognition (L-120 fam, L-90) Cognition (FD30, FD150 & R-30) Cognition (R+10, R+30)
Cellular Profile (ambient blood, 
saliva) (L-180, L-90)
Cellular Profile (ambient blood, 
saliva) 
(Early mission vehicle return, R-0)
Cellular Profile (ambient 
blood, saliva) (R+30)
Biochemical Markers (blood, 
urine) (L-180)
Biochemical Markers (blood only)  
(FD30, FD150, R-30)
Biochemical Markers (blood, 
urine) (R+30)
Microbiome (body, saliva, 
fecal) (L-90)
Microbiome (body, saliva, fecal)
(FD30, FD150,  R-30)
Microbiome (body, saliva, 
fecal) (R+30)
Carotid Intima-Media 
Thickness (cIMT)  (L-180) N/A
Carotid Intima-Media 
Thickness (cIMT)  (R+5, R+30)
Sensorimotor Measures  
(L-180 , L-90) N/A
Sensorimotor Measures 
(R+0 at landing site,                  
R+0 at JSC, R+9)
Crew time: 6.83 hrs Crew time: 24.33 hrs Crew time: 5.25 hrs


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