The paper describes how the contact flocculation-filtration and adsorption system (CFFA) can be used in a staged approach to cost-effectively upgrade existing Water Supply Treatment Works.
A case study is presented for modifications to the existing Water Treatment Works at Tokokoe and Befikrom in Ghana. The resulting upgraded plant is designed to be capable of handling a three-fold increase in throughput within the area occupied by the existing works units. The CFFA system has been evaluated and developed from pilot through to full-scale units. Data from operational monitoring of the system modules show consistent performance at high throughputs up to three times conventional loadings, producing potable water meeting WHO and EC guideline values
