This paper describes the process of formulation of Rwanda’s National Water Supply and Sanitation
Policies and Strategies, which were approved by the Cabinet in December 2016. The major steps in the
process included conceptualisation (preparation of a concept note and work plan); constitution of a
dedicated task force to oversee the process; engagement of international consultants; literature review
and information collection; preparation of background papers; stakeholders’ consultations; preparation
of draft polices and strategies; review and quality assurance by the sector working group and the task
force; consensus building; finalisation and approval. The process spanned almost two years and cost
approximately US$ 170,000, including the cost of external consultants and stakeholders’ consultations.
The case of Rwanda provides valuable lessons for other countries that plan to update their national
water and sanitation policies and strategies in view of changes in the context and emerging issues and to
ensure alignment with the SDGs