Smith, James P, Jr

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Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 2-21-2020 Vascular Plant Families of the United States (with Common Names and Numerical Summary) James P. Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps  Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P., "Vascular Plant Families of the United States (with Common Names and Numerical Summary)" (2020). Botanical Studies. 97. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/97 This Flora of the United States and North America is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact kyle.morgan@humboldt.edu. VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES OF THE UNITED STATES(WITH COMMON NAMES AND NUMERICAL SUMMARY)James P. Smith Jr.Professor Emeritus of BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesHumboldt State UniversityArcata, California21 February 2020There are four groups of vascular plants — lycophytes (often called fern allies), ferns, gymnosperms, andflowering plants (angiosperms). This inventory includes native plants, along with introduced weeds, crops, andornamentals that are naturalized and that maintain themselves without our assistance. I have also includedplants that have not been collected in recent years and may well be extinct or extirpated. The geographiccoverage is the conterminous or contiguous United States, the region known more informally as the “lower 48.”Alaska, Hawai’i, Puerto Rico, and the U. S. Virgin Islands are not included. Beside each family name is its numberof genera, species, and taxa (including subspecies and varieties).LYCOPHYTESIsoëtaceae • Quillwort • 1 • 37 • 38Lycopodiaceae • Club-Moss • 8 • 31 • 31Selaginellaceae • Spike-Moss • 1 • 38 • 39FERNSAnemiaceae • Flowering Fern • 1 • 3 • 3Aspleniaceae • Spleenwort • 1 • 33 • 34Athyriaceae  • Lady Fern • 1 • 3 • 5Blechnaceae • Deer Fern • 4 • 9 • 9Cyathaeaceae • ScalyTree Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Cystopteridaceae  • Bladder Fern • 1 • 9 • 9Dennstaedtiaceae • Bracken Fern • 3 • 8 • 10Diplaziopsidaceae • Glade Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Dryopteridaceae • Wood fern • 11 • 53 • 54Equisetaceae • Horsetail • 1 • 12 • 12Gleicheniaceae • Forking Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Grammatidaceae • Dwarf Polypody • 1 • 1 • 1Hymenophyllaceae • Filmy Fern • 5 • 10 • 10Lindsaeaceae • Creeping Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Lomariospidaceae • Fringed Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Lygodiaceae • Climbing Fern • 1 • 3 • 3Marsileaceae • Watrer-Clover • 2 • 10 • 10Nephrolepidaceae • Boston Fern • 1 • 5 • 5Onocleaceae • Sensitive Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Ophioglossaceae • Adder’s-Tongue • 5 • 41 • 42Osmundaceae • Royal Fern • 2 • 3 • 3Polypodiaceae • Polypody Fern • 12 • 29 • 29Psilotaceae • Whisk Fern • 1 • 1 • 1Pteridaceae • Brake Fern • 18 • 114 • 129Salviniaceae • Floating Fern • 2 • 8 • 8Schizaeaceae  • Climbing Fern • 2 • 2 • 2Tectariaceae • Halberd Fern • 1 • 4 • 4Thelypteridaceae • Marsh Fern • 8 • 29 • 30Woodsiaceae  • Cliff Fern • 1 • 11 • 14GYMNOSPERMSAraucariaceae • Araucaria • 1 • 1 • 1Cupressaceae • Cypress • 14 • 50 • 55Cycadaceae • Cycad • 1 • 1 • 1Ephedraceae • Ephedra • 1 • 12 • 13Ginkgoaceae • Maidenhair Tree • 1 • 1 • 1Pinaceae • Pine • 8 • 84 • 96Podocarpaceae • Podocarp • 1 • 1 • 1Taxaceae • Yew • 3 • 8 • 8Zamiaceae • Sago-Palm • 1 • 2 • 2FLOWERING PLANTSAcanthaceae • Acanthus • 27 • 91 • 102Aceraceae • Maple • 1 • 19 • 34Achatocarpaceae • Snake Eyes • 1 • 1 • 1Acoraceae • Sweet Flag • 1 • 2 • 2Actinidiaceae • Chinese Gooseberry • 1 • 3 • 3Adoxaceae  • Muskroot, Moschatel • 1 • 1 • 1Aizoaceae • Ice plant • 13 • 28 • 28Alismataceae • Water Plantain • 5 • 34 • 38Altingiaceae • Sweet Gum • 1 • 1 • 1Amaranthaceae • Pigweed • 45 • 291 • 337Amaryllidaceae • Amaryllis • 14 • 165 • 189Anacampserotaceae • Aroyo Fame Flower • 1 • 1 • 1Anacardiaceae • Cashew • 12 • 36 • 50Annonaceae • Sweetsop, Soursop • 5 • 18 • 18-1-Apocynaceae • Dogbane • 34 • 196 • 209Apodanthaceae  • Stem-sucker • 1 • 1 • 1Aponogetonaceae • Cape Pondweed • 1 • 1 • 1Aquifoliaceae • Holly • 2 • 22 • 26Araceae • Philodendron • 21 • 29 • 29Araliaceae • Ginseng • 9 • 26 • 27Aristolochiaceae • Birthwort • 3 • 35 • 37Asparagaceae • Asparagus • 39 • 199 • 240Asphodelaceae • Asphodel • 7 • 10 • 10Avicenniaceae • Black Mangrove • 1 • 2 • 2Balsaminaceae  • Touch-Me-Not • 1 • 10 • 10Basellaceae • Madiera Vine • 2 • 3 • 3Bataceae • Salt Wort • 1 • 1 • 1Begoniaceae • Begonia • 1 • 2 • 2Berberidaceae • Barberry • 11 • 37 • 38Betulaceae • Birch • 5 • 33 • 40Bignoniaceae • Bignon • 17 • 21 • 22Bixaceae • Annato • 2 • 4 • 4Bombacaceae • Balsa, Baobab • 1 • 1 • 1Boraginaceae • Borage • 38 • 303 • 349Bromeliaceae • Bromeliad, Pineapple • 7 • 25 • 25Buddlejaceae  • Summer-Lilac • 1 • 13 • 14Burmanniaceae • Burmannia • 3 • 5 • 5Burseraceae • Torchwood • 1 • 3 • 3Butomaceae • Flowering-Rush • 1 • 1 • 1Buxaceae • Box • 2 • 3 • 3Cabombaceae  • Water Shield • 2 • 4 • 4Cactaceae • Cactus • 37 • 195 • 227Callitrichaceae • Water-Starwort • 1 • 13 • 13Calophyllaceae • Alexandrian-Laurel • 2 • 3 • 3Calycanthaceae • Sweet Shrub • 1 • 3 • 3Calyceraceae • Calycera  • 1 • 2 • 2Campanulaceae • Bellflower • 21 • 124 • 146Canellaceae • White Cinnamon • 1 • 1 • 1Cannabaceae • Hemp • 2 • 3 • 6Cannaceae • Canna • 1 • 3 • 3Capparaceae • Caper • 4 • 5 • 5Caprifoliaceae • Honeysuckle • 9 • 56 • 67Caricaceae • Papaya • 1 • 1 • 1Caryophyllaceae • Carnation • 41 • 259 • 305Casuarinaceae • Beefwood • 1 • 3 • 3Celastraceae • Spindle Tree • 11 • 33 • 36Celtidaceae • Hackberry • 2 • 10 • 14Ceratophyllaceae • Hornwort • 1 • 3 • 3Cercidiphyllaceae • Katsura Tree • 1 • 1 • 1Chrysobalanaceae • Cocoa Plum • 2 • 2 • 2Cistaceae • Rock-Rose • 6 • 41 • 49Cleomaceae • Spider Flower • 12 • 34 • 40Clethraceae • White-Alder • 1 • 2 • 2Colchicaceae • Autumn-Crocus • 4 • 10 • 10Combretaceae • Combretum • 5 • 8 • 8Commelinaceae • Spiderwort • 6 • 54 • 56Compositae • Aster, Sunflower • 456 • 2960 000Convolvulaceae • Bindweed • 17 • 166 • 205Cordiaceae • Cordia • 1 • 8 • 8Cornaceae • Dogwood • 1 • 19 • 20Costaceae • Costus • 1 • 1 • 1Crassulaceae • Stonecrop • 18 • 114 • 149Crossosomataceae • Crossosoma • 3 • 7 • 11Cruciferae • Mustard • 100 • 691 • 764Cucurbitaceae • Gourd, Squash • 25 • 57 • 61Cymodoceaceae • Manatee-Grass • 2 • 2 • 2Cyperaceae • Sedge • 27 • 831 • 887Cyrillaceae • Leatherwood • 2 • 2 • 2Datiscaceae • Durango root • 1 • 1 • 1Diapensiaceae • Diapensia • 4 • 5 • 6Dioscoreaceae • Yam • 1 • 9 • 9Dipsacaceae • Teasel • 6 • 11 • 11Droseraceae • Sundew • 3 • 13 • 13Ebenaceae • Persimmon • 1 • 4 • 4Ehretiaceae • Ehretia • 2 • 10 • 11Elaeocarpaceae • Elaeocarp • 1 • 1 • 1Elaeagnaceae • Oleaster • 3 • 9 • 9Elatinaceae • Waterwort • 2 • 10 • 10Ericaceae • Heath • 45 • 207 • 253Eriocaulaceae • Pipewort • 3 • 17 • 17Escalloniaceae • Escallonia • 1 • 1 • 1Eucommiaceae • Hard Rubber Tree • 1 • 1 • 1Euphorbiaceae • Spurge • 35 • 290 • 311Fagaceae • Beech, Oak • 5 • 194 • 199Flacourtiaceae • Flacourtia • 4 • 6 • 6Fouquieriaceae • Ocotillo • 1 • 1 • 1Francoaceae • Bridal Wreath • 1 • 1 • 1Frankeniaceae • Frankenia • 1 • 5 • 5Garryaceae • Silk Tassel • 2 • 9 • 9Gelsimiaceae • Jessamine • 1 • 2 • 2Gentianaceae • Gentian • 18 • 118 • 130Geraniaceae • Geranium • 3 • 62 • 70Gisekiaceae • Gisekia • 1 • 1 • 1Goodeniaceae • Goodenia • 1 • 2 • 2Gramineae • Grass • 204 • 1397 • 1544Grossulariaceae • Gooseberry • 1 • 55 • 67Gunneraceae • Gunnera • 1 • 1 • 1Guttiferae  • Mangosteen • 2 • 58 • 61Haemodoraceae • Bloodwort • 1 • 2 • 2Haloragaceae • Water Milfoil • 3 • 18 • 18Hamamelidaceae • Witch Hazel • 3 • 6 • 6Heliconiaceae • Heliconia • 1 • 1 • 1Heliotropaceae • Heliotrope • 3 • 30 • 33Hippocastanaceae • Buckeye • 1 • 7 • 9Hippuridaceae • Mare’s-Tail • 1 • 2 • 2Hydrangeaceae • Hydrangea • 10 • 25 • 32Hydrocharitaceae • Water Weed • 11 • 23 • 26Hydrocotylaceae  • Water Pennywort • 1 • 9 • 10Hydroleaceae • Waterpod • 1 • 6 • 6Hydrophyllaceae • Waterleaf • 12 • 220 • 262Hypoxidaceae • Star-Grass • 2 • 8 • 8-2-Iridaceae • Iris • 20 • 101 • 107Iteaceae • Virginia Sweetspire • 1 • 1 • 1Juglandaceae • Walnut • 3 • 32 • 34Juncaceae • Rush • 2 • 114 • 124Juncaginaceae • Arrow-grass • 1 • 5 • 5Koeberliniaceae • Junco • 1 • 1 • 3Krameriaceae • Rhatany • 1 • 4 • 4Labiatae • Mint • 64 • 465 • 547Lardizabalaceae • Chocolate Vine • 1 • 2 • 2Lauraceae • Laurel • 10 • 17 • 18Leguminosae • Bean, Pea • 150 • 1572 • 1993Leitneriaceae • Corkwood • 1 • 2 • 2Lemnaceae • Duckweed • 4 • 19 • 19Lennoaceae • Sand Food • 1 • 2 • 2Lentibulariaceae • Bladderwort • 2 • 28 • 29Liliaceae • Lily • 12 • 150 • 175Limnanthaceae • Meadow Foam • 2 • 11 • 24Limnocharitaceae • Water-Poppy • 1 • 1 • 1Linaceae • Flax • 3 • 52 • 60Linderniaceae • False Pimpernel • 3 • 10 • 10Loasaceae • Loasa • 4 • 94 • 101Loganiaceae • Logania • 3 • 11 • 11Lythraceae • Loosestrife • 11 • 35 • 36Magnoliaceae • Magnolia • 2 • 12 • 12Malpighiaceae • Malpighia • 8 • 13 • 13Malvaceae • Mallow, Cotton • 45 • 223 • 256Marantaceae • Arrowroot, Prayer Plant • 2 • 3 • 3Martyniaceae • Unicorn Plant • 2 • 6 • 7Mayacaceae • Bog-Moss • 1 • 1 • 1Mazaceae • Mazus 1 • 2 • 2Melanthiaceae • Death-Camas • 11 • 81 • 88Melastomataceae • Melastome • 3 • 13 • 15Meliaceae • Mahogany • 3 • 4 • 4Menispermaceae • Moonseed • 4 • 5 • 5Menyanthaceae • Bog Bean • 3 • 8 • 8Molluginaceae • Carpet Weed • 2 • 4 • 4Montiaceae • Miner’s-Lettuce • 6 • 78 • 92Moraceae • Mulberry • 7 • 25 • 25Moringaceae • Moringa • 1 • 1 • 1Muntingiaceae • Jamaica-Cherry • 1 • 1 • 1Musaceae • Banana • 1 • 2 • 2Myoporaceae  • Myoporum • 2 • 2 • 2Myricaceae • Sweet Gale • 2 • 8 • 8Myrsinaceae • Myrsine • 8 • 41 • 41Myrtaceae • Myrtle • 17 • 45 • 45Namaceae • Nama • 3 • 31 • 37Nartheciaceae • Bog-Asphodel • 3 • 9 • 9Nelumbonaceae • Water-Lotus • 1 • 2 • 2Nitrariaceae • Nitraria • 1 • 2 • 2Nyctaginaceae • Four-O’clock • 15 • 90 • 105Nymphaeaceae • Water-Lily • 2 • 19 • 20Nyssaceae • Tupelo • 1 • 5 • 5Ochnaceae • Bird’s-eye Bush • 1 • 1 • 1Oleaceae • Olive • 12 • 68 • 73Onagraceae • Evening-Primrose • 11 • 285 • 365Orchidaceae • Orchid • 74 • 260 • 277Oxalidaceae • Oxalis, Sorrel • 1 • 20 • 36Paeoniaceae • Paeony • 1 • 2 • 2Palmae • Palm • 22 • 32 • 32Pandanaceae • Screw-Pine • 1 • 1 • 1Papaveraceae • Poppy • 26 • 87 • 106Passifloraceae • Passion Flower • 1 • 29 • 31Paulowniaceae • Princess Tree • 1 • 1 • 1Pedaliaceae  • Sesame • 2 • 2 • 2Pentaphylacaceae • Japanese Clerya • 1 • 1 • 1Penthoraceae • Ditch Stonecrop • 1 • 1 • 1Petiveriaceae • Pigeon Berry • 3 • 3 • 3Phrymaceae • Lop Seed • 1 • 1 • 1Phytolaccaceae • Pokeweed • 2 • 7 • 8Picramniaceae • Bitter Bush • 2 • 2 • 2Piperaceae • Pepper • 3 • 11 • 11Pittosporaceae • Parchment Bark • 2 • 8 • 8Plantaginaceae • Plantago, Plantain • 2 • 32 • 32Platanaceae • Sycamore • 1 • 3 • 3Plumbaginaceae • Leadwort, Thrift • 4 • 15 • 16Podostemaceae • River Weed • 1 • 1 • 1Polemoniaceae • Phlox • 22 • 135 • 472Polygalaceae • Milkwort • 5 • 62 • 69Polygonaceae • Smartweed • 32 • 537 • 629Pontederiaceae • Pickerel Weed • 4 • 12 • 12Portulacaceae • Purslane • 1 • 11 • 12Posidoniaceae • Mediterranean Tapeweed • 1 • 1 • 1Potamogetonaceae • Pond Weed • 3 • 37 • 42Primulaceae • Primrose • 5 • 43 • 53Proteaceae • Protea • 1 • 1 • 1Putranjivaceae • Guiana-Plum • 1 • 2 • 2Ranunculaceae • Buttercup • 21 • 271 • 343Resedaceae • Mignonette • 2 • 6 • 6Rhamnaceae • Buckthorn • 15 • 105 • 136Rhizophoraceae • Mangrove • 1 • 1 • 1Rosaceae • Rose • 68 • 743 • 795Rubiaceae • Madder • 40 • 187 • 244Ruppiaceae • Ditch-Grass • 1 • 2 • 2Rutaceae • Rue • 18 • 47 • 56Salicaceae • Willow • 2 • 97 • 104Santalaceae • Bastard Toadflax • 10 • 22 • 37Sapindaceae • Soapberry • 15 • 23 • 24Sapotaceae • Sapodilla, Mastic • 5 • 17 • 20Sarcobataceae • Greasewood • 1 • 2 • 2Sarraceniaceae • Pitcher Plant • 2 • 12 • 15Saururaceae • Lizard’s-Tail • 3 • 3 • 3Saxifragaceae • Saxifrage • 22 • 134 • 147Scheuchzeriaceae  • Rannoch-Rush • 1 • 1 • 1Schisandraceae • Star Vine • 2 • 3 • 3Schoepfiaceae • Whitewood • 1 • 1 • 1Scrophulariaceae • Snapdragon • 90 • 870 • 1071-3-Simaroubaceae • Quassia • 4 • 5 • 5Simmondsiaceae • Jojoba • 1 • 1 • 1Smilacaceae • Greenbrier • 1 • 22 • 22Solanaceae • Nightshade, Potato • 31 • 185 • 216Sphenocleaceae • Goose Weed • 1 • 1 • 1Staphyleaceae • Bladdernut • 1 • 2 • 2Stemonaceae • Stemona • 1 • 1 • 1Sterculiaceae • Cacao • 7 • 23 • 23Styracaceae • Silverbell • 2 • 8 • 12Surianaceae • Bay-Cedar • 1 • 1 • 1Symplocaceae • Sweetleaf • 1 • 2 • 2Talinaceae • Fame Flower • 1 • 2 • 2Tamaricaceae • Salt-cedar • 1 • 9 • 9Tecophilaeaceae • Doll’s-Lily • 1 • 1 • 1Tetrachondraceae • Tetrachondra • 1 • 1 • 1Theaceae • Tea • 3 • 7 • 7Thymelaeaceae • Daphne • 4 • 8 • 8Tiliaceae • Basswood • 4 • 14 • 17Tofieldiaceae • False Asphodel • 4 • 7 • 9Tropaeolaceae • Nasturtium • 1 • 2 • 2Turneraceae • Turnera • 2 • 4 • 4Typhaceae • Cattail • 2 • 14 • 14Ulmaceae • Elm • 3 • 13 • 13Umbelliferae • Carrot, Umbel • 81 • 405 • 445Urticaceae • Nettle • 10 • 27 • 31Valerianaceae • Valerian 4 • 33 • 39Verbenaceae • Verbena, Vervain • 20 • 131 • 140Viburnaceae • Wayfaring Tree • 2 • 39 • 40Violaceae • Violet • 2 • 76 • 95Vitaceae • Grape • 6 • 30 • 34Ximeniaceae • Hog-plum • 1 • 1 • 1Xyridaceae • Yellow-Eyed Grass • 1 • 29 • 32Zingiberaceae • Ginger • 5 • 6 • 6Zosteraceae • Eel-Grass • 3 • 4 • 4Zygophyllaceae • Caltrop • 6 • 17 • 17-4-A NUMERICAL SUMMARYFamilies Genera Species TaxaLycophytes 3 10 106 108Ferns 29 91 407 433Gymnosperms 9 31 160 178Flowering Plants 262 2823 18,798 21,866Totals 303 2955 19,471 22,58510 Largest Families(taxa)Compositae • 2968Leguminosae • 1993Gramineae • 1544Scrophulariaceae • 1071Cyperaceae • 887Cruciferae • 764Polygonaceae • 629Umbelliferae • 445Onagraceae • 365Boraginaceae • 34910 Largest Families( genera)Compositae • 456Gramineae • 204Leguminosae • 150Cruciferae • 100Scrophulariaceae • 90Umbelliferae • 81Orchidaceae • 74Rosaceae • 68Amaranthaceae • 45Ericaceae • 45Labiatae • 45Malvaceae • 45Caryophyllaceae • 41Genera with 100 ormore taxaAstragalus • 525Carex • 497Eriogonum • 390Penstemon • 334Lupinus • 260Phacelia • 215Erigeron • 209Crataegus • 208Quercus • 192Castilleja • 151Euphorbia • 149Trifolium • 140Galium • 129Cryptantha • 124Allium • 123Atriplex • 121Panicum • 113Physaria • 111Solidago • 111Lomatium • 105Symphyotrichum • 102Boechera • 101Cyperus • 100-5-PRIMARY SOURCESIn addition to a number of state and regional floras, monographs, and revisions, I used the following sourcesfor distribution data, family concepts, and nomenclature.Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. F. Fay, & M. W. Chase. 2017. Plants of the world: an illustrated encyclopedia ofvascular plants. Kew Publishing and the University of Chicago Press.Christenhusz, M. J. M. et al. 2011. A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. Phytotaxa19: 55-70.Earle, C. J. (editor). The gymnosperm database. www.conifers.orgFlora North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Oxford University Press.Heywood, V. H., R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham, & O. Seberg. 2007. Flowering plant families of the world. FireflyBooks.Kubitzki, K. (editor). 1990 û. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag.Mabberley, D. J. 2017. Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses.Fourth edition. Cambridge University Press.United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. The plants database.http://plants:usda.govKartesz, J. 2015. Biota of North America program. North American plant atlas. bonap.orgTakhtajan, A. 2009. Flowering plants. Second edition. Springer.The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for theorders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1-20.The Plant List: a working list of all plant species. www.theplantlist.orgThe Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Jounral of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563-603.Stevens, P. F. Angiosperm phylogeny website. www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/Tropicos.www.tropicos.org-6-

Vascular Plant Families of the United States (with Common Names and Numerical Summary)

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Vascular Plant Families of the United States (with Common Names and Numerical Summary)

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