• Limit the supply of essential amino acids during early growth and utilise the pigs’ capacity to fully compensate for the restriction by increased protein retention and faster growth during later growth phases.
• Crude protein and lysine contents can be substantially reduced, below common standards (i.e. crude protein to 16.5% and digestible lysine between 0.70-0.80 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE), in well-balanced diets.
• A reduction in crude protein content, from 15.5 to 14.5 g SID/g SID lysine can lower the nitrogen output by approximately 10%.
• Formulate diets on a digestible amino acid basis rather than on a total amino acid or crude protein basis.
• High-quality protein feed ingredients such as faba beans, peas, oil seed-, dairy- and cereal-based by-products, aquatic resources, etc., or a combination of them, can be used.
• At the pig level, this practice can reduce soya bean cake utilisation (14%) and increase pea utilisation (22%).
• Careful follow-up of the pigs' feed consumption, growth and health status is recommended
