The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Colovos, N. F.

Davis, H. A.

New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station

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University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository NHAES Bulletin New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station 12-1-1962 Nutritive value of dried beet pulp, Station Bulletin, no.477 Colovos, N. F. Davis, H. A. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin Recommended Citation Colovos, N. F.; Davis, H. A.; and New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, "Nutritive value of dried beet pulp, Station Bulletin, no.477" (1962). NHAES Bulletin. 439. https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin/439 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NHAES Bulletin by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact nicole.hentz@unh.edu. S^L lion Bulletin 477 December 1962Nutritive Value ofDried Beet PulpBy N. F. Colovos and H. A. DavisAGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONUNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIREDURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIREs^L lion Bulletin 477 December 1962mo tillNutritive Value ofDried Beet PulpBy N. F. Colovos and H. A. DavisAGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONUNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIREDURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIREAcknowledgement&mThe authors wish to acknowledge the valuable services of Mr. H. H. Hayes, Ex-perimentalist, in the execution of the digestion experiments with the animals andespecially in the heat production measurements in the respiration chamber.Nutritive Value of Dried Beet Pulp*By N. F. Colovos and H. A. DavisfThe sugar beet, of which the main product is sugar, a very importantenergy food for humans, has another by-product, dried beet pulp, whichis used as a feed ingredient for livestock rations.Beet pulp is the remainder of the vegetable portion of the sugar beetafter the sugar is removed from it in the processing plant. Some sugarbeet pulp is used for livestock feeding in the wet form by farmers inlocal plant areas, but most of it is sold as dried beet pulp after mostof the moisture is removed by mechanical pressure and evaporation.Dried beet pulp, therefore, is considered a concentrated feed for live-stock.Dried beet pulp has been widely used as a feed ingredient in live-stock feeds for years. Dairy farmers have found it to be a highly nutri-tious, palatable, and highly absorptive dairy ration ingredient whichcontributes to maintaining a high level of production and reproduction.It is also believed that dried beet pulp aids in increasing the digesti-bility of the other ingredients of the ration.While many feeding trials and practical experience have shown thatdried beet pulp is a satisfactory feed for dairy cattle and has been ac-cepted as such for many years, there is very little work in the liter-ature where its nutritive value has been determined with cattle. Aboutthe only early work on dried beet pulp was that of Lindsey (3) whoreported in 1913 that dried beet pulp is a high carbolrydrate feed, simi-lar to corn meal and that while the carbohydrates of the corn consistlargely of starch, the dried beet pulp has a relatively high percentageof fiber.Some ten years later Rothwell (5) reported results that indicatedthat dried beet pulp may be used to replace portions of the grain inthe ration.The digestion and utilization experiments carried out and reportedin this study were for the purpose of determining the nutritive valueof beet pulp by all conventional methods of nutritive evaluation aswell as by directly determining its metabolizable and net energy values.EXPERIMENTALRations and AnimalsThe nutritive value of dried beet pulp was determined by digestionand utilization studies carried out at the Ritzman Animal NutritionLaboratory of the Department of Dairy Science of the New HampshireAgricultural Experiment Station. Four Holstein steers about 18 monthsof age, a set of twins and two males of a set of quadruplets were usedas experimental animals. In order to evaluate the dried beet pulp under* Research was partially supported by a grant from the Farmers and ManufacturersBeet Sugar Association, Saginaw, Michigan.t Professor of Dairy Science and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, respectively.different typical feeding conditions and in order to bring out any pos-sible associative effects it may have with other ingredients, the generalplan of experiment as shown in Table 2 was followed. The three rations,beet pulp alone, beet pulp and hay (50-0), and beet pulp, hay, and con-centrate mixture (50-25-25) were fed to each of the four animals. Thenutritive value of the hay, fed alone, was determined in a previousexperiment with four animals.The dried beet pulp used for the experiment was representative ofUnited States production. It came from a plant in the eastern beet sugarsection and was from the early part of the 1961 production. The com-position of this dried beet pulp did not differ very much from the com-position of beet pulp as reported by Morrison (4) and Schneider (6)except that it had a little higher crude fiber content.The hay used was early cut timothy of high quality as indicated byanalysis in Table 1. The concentrate mixture used had a protein con-tent of about 18 percent. The chemical composition of these feeds isshown in Table 1.Mineralized salt was available to the animals at all times. They wereoffered water and fed twice daily.Methods EmployedThe method used to study the nutritive value of the different rationsis the standard procedure followed in this laboratory. It consists of thefollowing :1. Preliminary period. This is the adjustment period of 15-18 daysduring which the animal becomes accustomed to the kind and amountof feed to be evaluated. The level of nutrition at which the nutritivevalue is determined is slightly above maintenance.2. Collection period. This period lasts 8-10 davs. During this timethe feed, feces, and urine are weighed, sampled, and a composite samnleof each is kept for analysis. The feces are frozen solid and the urineis kept in a refrigerator just above freezing. No preservative is usedfor either the feces or urine.3. Heat production measurement on feed. The animal is put in therespiration chamber, fed the same amotint of feed as during the collec-tion period, and its heat and methane production measured. Bv meansof an "electric eye" the changes of position of the animal and the timethe animal spends standing and lying are recorded. Unless the activitvis adjudged to be normal, the period of measurement is repeated untilat least 24 hours of heat production on feed is obtained.4. Heat production on fast. The heat production of the animal ismeasured after it has been fasted for 48 hours. A post-absorptive condi-tion is considered to have been reached when methane ceases to beproduced and the respiratory quotient (ratio of carbon dioxide pro-duced to oxygen consumed) is 0.75 or less. At the level of nutrition ofthis experiment, this is reached at 48 hours after feeding.The difference between heat production on feed and heat productionon fast is the heat increment of the ration or "work of digestion" asit is called by some.Chemical and Caloric AnalysesA proximate analysis of representative samples of the components ofthe ration as fed were made hy methods prescribed in the ninth edi-tion "Book of Methods," Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.Also composite air-dried feces were analyzed by the same methods tocalculate the total digestible nutrients of the rations.Nitrogen determinations were made on the fresh feces and urine tocomplete the nitrogen balance of the rations.The gross energy of the feeds, feces, and urine was obtained by meansof an adiabatic bomb calorimeter. The caloric determination of thefresh feces was made according to the method described by Colovoset al. ( 1 ) .RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTable 3 shows the average digestion coefficients for the four rationsas fed. The dried beet pulp was significantly higher than the other ra-tions in digestibility of the dry matter, energy, crude fiber, and nitro-gen free extract. The digestibility of the protein in the dried beet pulpwas lower and the ether extract was significantly lower. The digestioncoefficients of the protein, fiber, and nitrogen-free extract of the driedbeet pulp were higher than those reported by Morrison (4) .The digestibility of the protein of the hay used in the experiment,when fed as the sole ration, was higher than for the other three rations.This value confirms previous results in this laboratory with early-cut,well fertilized timothy hay (2).The average daily feed intake and gain in protein and energy oneach ration is shown in Table 4. Dried beet pulp fed alone showed asignificantly higher daily energy balance per unit basis than the otherrations. This was more or less expected due to the fact that dried pulpis a high carbohydrate feed. The high retention of nitrogen, however,was unexpected. Even though dried beet pulp did not have a very highprotein content, the amount eliminated in the urine was so low thata relative high percentage of it was retained and the total retentionwas higher than on any of the other rations.The average nutritive values of the dried beet pulp when fed alone,in combination with hay, and with hay and a concentrate mixture areshown in Table 5. Beside the conventional total digestible nutrients anddigestible energy values, metabolizable energy, and also net energyfigures are shown.The dried beet pulp had a higher value for total digestible nutri-ent content than any of the other rations despite the fact that it was verylow in fat content. This value was higher than the values commonlyreported for beet pulp. The dried beet pulp also excelled the otherrations when the comparison was made on either the digestible energy,metabolizable energy, or net energy basis.Summary and ConclusionSixteen digestion and utilization experiments with four Holsteinsteers were carried out to determine the nutritive value of dried beetpulp fed alone, in a 50-50 ratio with hay, and with hay and a concen-trate mixture. It was found that the dried heet pulp is a highly digesti-hle concentrate ingredient. As fed, it contained 4.24 per cent digestihleprotein, 70.93 per cent total digestihle nutrients and 78.3 therms netenergy per 100 lhs. The protein content of the dried heet pulp is inthe range of that of corn and it is well utilized.The results of the experiment' show that dried heet pulp is an ex-cellent source of energy for dairy cattle when fed with hay or as partof the concentrate mixture.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Colovos, N. F., H. A. Keener, and H. A. Davis (1957). Errors in Drying Silageand Feces for Protein and Energy Determination. Improved Methods. JournalDairy Science 40: 173-179.2. Colovos, N. F., H. A. Keener, J. R. Prescott, and A. E. Teeri (1949). TheNutritive Value of Timothy Hay at Different Stages of Maturity as Comparedwith Second Cutting Clover Hay. Journal Dairy Science 32 : 659-664.3. Lindsey, J. B. (1931). Mass. Report.4. Morrison F. B. (1956). Feeds and Feeding, 22nd Edition, the Morrison Pub-lishing Co., Ithaca, N„ Y.5. Rothvvell, G. B. (1922). Canada Exp. Farms, Anim. Husb. Div. Interim Re-ports, pp. 5-16.6. Schneider, B. H. (1947). Feeds of the World. W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta.Table 1. Chemical Composition of Feeds% Beet Pulp HayConcentrateMixtureProteinEther extractCrude fiberN.F.E.AshMoisture8.020.4423.3254.614.209.4111.732.6034.0135.207.369.1017.862.958.9051.347.3311.62Table 2. General Plan of ExperimentAnimal*H 509H 510H 557H 558Period 1Beet pulp + hay -f-concentrateBeet pulp aloneBeet pulp + hayBeet pulp alonePeriod 2Beet pulp aloneBeet pulp -J- hay -f-concentrateBeet pulp -f- hay +concentrateBeet pulp -f- hayPeriod 3Beet pulp+ hayBeet pulp + hayBeet pulp aloneBeet pulp + hay +concentrate* HolsteinsTable 3. Average Digestion Coefficients for Various RationsFeed

Nutritive value of dried beet pulp, Station Bulletin, no.477

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Nutritive value of dried beet pulp, Station Bulletin, no.477

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