GROUP EQUALITY IN MULTINATIONAL FEDERATIONS THROUGH FEDERAL PRINCIPLES OF SELF-RULE AND SHAREDRULE: LOOK TO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Abstract

U radu se federalna načela ‘samouprave’ i ‘zajedničke uprave’ koriste kao osnova za teorijska razmatranja prava konstitutivnih skupina u multinacionalnim federacijama. Ta načela se mogu provesti na različite načine, ali je za postizanje sustavne jednakosti grupa i individua presudno osigurati simetriju u smislu konzumacije tih načela od strane državotvornih subjekata. Simetrija se nameće kao posebno nužna kako bi se uravnoteženo primijenilo načelo «zajedničke uprave» s ciljem postizanja opće institucionalne jednakosti, prvenstveno u smislu ravnomjernog sudjelovanja, legitimnog predstavljanja i opunomoćenja, kada je u pitanju BiH, konstitutivnih naroda u tijelima i procesima odlučivanja. S tim u vezi, uz bazičnu organizacijsku strukturu, izborne odredbe su drugi najvažniji element provjere i potvrde jednakopravnosti u složenoj federalnoj državi. Rad sadrži i preglednu analizu (ne) jednakosti tri konstitutivna naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini u smislu bazične primjene principa razdiobe vlasti u ključnim područjima upravljanja.Paper uses federal principles of ‘self-rule’ and ‘shared-rule’ in view to establish basic theoretical framework, in which rights of constituent groups in multinational countries can be analysed and juxtaposed. There are varieties of available territorial designs for accommodation of self-rule in multinational federations, but what matters most for the equality is to assure symmetric position of ‘state-creating’ subjects. Likewise, symmetry is also required to assure balanced application of shared-rule principle to secure overall institutional equality foremost in the sense of equal participation, legitimate representation and empowerment of constituent groups in decision making bodies and processes. Therefore, next to basic organizational structure electoral provisions come up as second most important element needed to check the equality and ownership status of constituent groups in a compound federal state. This approach is further supported by the assessment of equality of the three constituent peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina as its explicit constitutional subjects, in terms of redistribution of key elements of power sharing among them